| 释义 |
rigorous, a.|ˈrɪgərəs|
Also 5 ryger-, rygour-, rygor-; 5 regor-, rigur-, 5–6 riger-, 6 rygur-, 6–7 rigourous; 5 -is, 5–6 -us; 5 -use, 5–6 -ouse.
[a. OF. rigorous (mod.F. rigoureux), = Sp., Pg., It. rigoroso, med.L. rigorōsus: see rigour and -ous.]
1. Characterized by rigour; rigidly severe or unbending; austere, harsh, stern; extremely strict:
a. Of laws, procedure, etc.
c1380Wyclif Sel. Wks. II. 346 Þis lawe hadde þree parties;..þe secounde part.., ȝif it be to rigorous,..shal ceesse on sutil maner. c1430Lydg. Min. Poems (Percy Soc.) 163 Lat mercy modefie rigerous correccioun. 1483Rolls of Parlt. VI. 250/1 To forbere the said rigorouse punysshement. a1533Ld. Berners Huon lxv. 222 Fynde sum rygurus wordes to hym, & make as though ye were dyspleasyd with hym. 1590Shakes. Com. Err. i. i. 9 Our well-dealing Countrimen..Haue seal'd his rigorous statutes with their blouds. 1657Penit. Conf. vii. 188 As the injunction itself is too rigorous, so the limitation is too ridiculous. 1678Butler Hud. iii. Lady's Answ. 333 Nor can the rigorousest Course Prevail, unless to make us worse. 1748Anson's Voy. ii. vi. 197 He,..far from insisting on a rigorous equivalent,..might be satisfied with some live cattle. 1781Gibbon Decl. & F. xxvii. (1787) III. 54 The rigorous conditions of peace and pardon were accepted. 1816W. Duncan Sel. Orat. Cicero iii. 101 He is searching for the most rigorous precedents. 1863Geo. Eliot Romola ii. ii, He wanted a refuge from a standard disagreeably rigorous.
b. Of persons.
c1430Lydg. Minor Poems (Percy Soc.) 81 A rigurous juge..Withe hate and rancour dothe his vertu dresse. 1456Sir G. Haye Law Arms (S.T.S.) 243 Gif a king be a rigorous man, and wele sett to kepe law and justice, is nane so grete bot he will sare drede till offend him. 1509Hawes Past. Pleas. xxxiii. (Percy Soc.) 162 There is a gyaunte bothe fyerce and rygorous That wyth his might shall hym soune overthrowe. 1577tr. Bullinger's Decades (1592) 186 Jehu a verie iust, although a rigourous prince. 1649N. Bacon Disc. Govt. Eng. ii. xxii. (1739) 102 Coming in by the people's favour, he was obliged to be rather remiss than rigorous. 1685Baxter Paraphr. N.T. 1 Tim. iii. 3 A Bishop must be..one that by lenity taketh all things in the best sense, and is not rigorous. 1776Sir D. Dalrymple Annals Scotl. I. 148 Adam Bishop of Caithness, a rigorous exacter of Tithes. 1780Johnson Let. to Mrs. Thrale 4 July, I..hope she will not be too rigorous with the young ones.
2. Of the weather, etc.: Severe; bitterly cold. † Of heat: Excessive, violent (obs.).
1513More in Grafton Chron. (1568) II. 705 Beyng letted for lacke of prosperous wind, and encombered with so much rigorous tempest. 1604Drayton Moses Map Mirac. 13 If the fleet winde by some rigorous gale Seem'd to be mou'd. 1630R. Johnson's Kingd. & Commw. 3 All moderne Navigators, who..have found..the regions situated under the Tropikes to bee tormented with more rigourous heat. 1647Cowley Mistr., Bathing iv, When rigorous Winter binds you up with Frost. 1748Anson's Voy. i. i. 9 The delays..confined his passage round Cape Horn to the most rigorous season of the year. 1774Pennant Tour Scotl. in 1772, 175 The cold is very rigorous. 1867Lyell Princ. Geol. iii. xxxix. (1875) II. 361 These excursions usually precede a rigorous winter. 1896Workman Algerian Mem. 159 The climate is more rigorous than that of the coast.
3. Scrupulous, unswerving, strict. rare.
1641Milton Reform. ii. Wks. 1851 III. 47 Well knows every wise Nation that their Liberty consists in manly and honest labours, in sobriety and rigorous honour to the Marriage Bed. 1847A. Jameson Sacr. & Legendary Art (1850) 193 Leading a life of such rigorous abstinence that his health sank under it.
4. Severely exact, rigidly accurate.
1651Hobbes Leviath. i. viii. 34 In Demonstration..and all rigourous Search of Truth, Judgement does all. 1659Pearson Creed (1839) 327 Not if it be taken in a strict, rigorous, proper, and formal sense. 1732Berkeley Alciphr. iv. §2 Truth and convenience are very different things to the rigorous eye of a philosopher. 1774Mitford Ess. Harmony Lang. 273 The short syllables shortened without regard to their rigorous natural value. 1795Ld. Auckland Corr. (1862) III. 301 Many members insist on a rigorous account of the debt by a secret committee. 1838Emerson Lit. Ethics Wks. (Bohn) II. 214, I think that we have need of a more rigorous scholastic rule. 1879Thomson & Tait Nat. Phil. I. i. §89 The second order of infinitely small quantities may be with rigorous accuracy neglected.
†5. Accompanied by rigors. Obs.—1
1579Langham Gard. Health (1633) 474 Drinke the root with wine against the rigorous fits of old feuers. |
