| 释义 |
‖ plasmolysis Biol.|plæzˈmɒlɪsɪs|
[mod. (De Vries, 1877) f. plasmo- + Gr. λύσις loosing, setting free.]
Contraction of the protoplasm of a vegetable cell with separation or freeing of the lining layer from the cell-wall, due to the withdrawal of liquid by exosmosis when the cell is placed in a liquid of greater density than the cell-sap. Hence ˌplasmolysaˈbility; ˈplasmolysable a., capable of undergoing plasmolysis; ˈplasmolyse |-laɪz| v. [cf. analyse], to subject to plasmolysis, cause plasmolysis in; ˈplasmolysed, -lysing ppl. adjs.; plasmolytic |-ˈlɪtɪk| a., pertaining to, showing, or causing plasmolysis; plasmoˈlytically adv., by means of plasmolysis.
1883Q. Jrnl. Microsc. Sci. XXIII. 151 (heading) On plasmolysis and its bearing upon the relations between cell wall and protoplasm. Ibid. 152 The protoplasmic body would appear to separate with a ‘smooth surface’ from the cell wall on treatment with the plasmolysing solution. Ibid. 153 Naegeli..described strings of protoplasm which connect the contracted protoplasmic body with the cell wall in plasmolysed cells. 1885G. L. Goodale Physiol. Bot. (1892) 390 Such substances [as cause contraction of the protoplasm] are termed plasmolytic agents. 1886Vines Lect. Physiol. Plants iii. 39 Turgid cell..in 10 per cent. solution, shewing complete plasmolysis. Ibid. 44 When the cells of the Beet-root are placed in syrup they become plasmolytic. 1888Huxley & Martin Elem. Biol. xi. 404 In order to see the primordial utricle better, plasmolyse the cell by running in 10 p.c. salt solution. 1891Darwin in Rep. Brit. Assoc. (1892) 672 As the plasmolysing agent continues to act, a reverse movement takes place. Ibid., In different stages of plasmolysis. 1896Jrnl. Linnean Soc.: Bot. XXXI. 370 A few of the younger leaves and leaf-cells are found to be living and plasmolysable, but show no assimilation. 1903Science 1 May 706/2 A reduction of temperature gave rise to parthenogenetic spore formation.., as was also the case when water was plasmolytically withdrawn from the cells. 1955P. J. Kramer in W. Ruhland Encycl. Plant Physiol. I. ii. 212 Errors in the plasmolytic method include adhesion of the cytoplasm to the wall, penetration of the plasmolyzing solute, and difficulty in measuring cell volume. 1960L. Picken Organization of Cells iii. 77 The plasmolysability of the cells implies that the cell wall cannot contract below a certain area. 1964J. Levitt in D. W. Newman Instrumental Methods Exper. Biol. xiii. 420 These very cells, with which the incipient plasmolysis method leads to difficulties, cannot have their osmotic potentials determined in any other way, and at least approximate values may be obtained plasmolytically. 1971Nature 16 July 159/2 Attempts to fix and section plasmolysed sieve tubes have not so far yielded supporting evidence. |
