| 释义 |
Afghan, n. and a.|ˈæfgæn|
Also 9 Afghaun.
[Name of the people of Afghanistan, a country lying north of West Pakistan.]
A. n.
1. a. A native or inhabitant of Afghanistan. b. The language of the Afghan people (= Pashto).
1784H. Vansittart Let. 3 Mar. in Asiatick Res. (1790) II. 68, I venture to lay before the Society the translation of an abridged history of the Aghàns, a tribe at different times subject to, and always connected with, the kingdoms of Persia and Hindustàn. 1787C. Hamilton Hist. Relation Rohilla Afgans N. Provinces Hindostan 39 When a successor to Azmut-Oolah was appointed from Delhi, the Afgan found himself in a condition to make his own terms. 1815M. Elphinstone Acct. Kingdom of Caubul ii. ii. 165 The Pooshtoonwulle, or usage of the Afghauns; a rude system of customary law. 1842C. Fox Jrnl. 28 May (1972) 124 Carlyle..was terribly amused. ‘Poor Little Queen! She'd be glad..if the Afghans would but submit to her conditions.’ 1909N.E.D. s.v. Pushtoo, -tu sb. and a., The native name of the language of the Afghans. 1928W. Haig in Cambr. Hist. India III. vi. 160 The subsequent rebellions in Gujarāt and the Deccan were partly due to the severity of the restrictions placed upon Afghāns in India in consequence of Shāhū's revolt. 1933L. Bloomfield Language iv. 62 The principal dialect areas of modern Iranian are..eastward, the Pamir dialects, Afghan (Pushto), with some 4 million speakers, and Baluchi. 1974Encycl. Brit. Micropædia I. 121/3 A national awakening began among the Afghans early in the 18th century. 1980Daily Tel. 12 Jan. 18/3 Presumably Kinnock and his friends do not know Afghan either.
2. a. A blanket or wrap of knitted or crocheted wool. Also attrib.
1833Carlyle Sart. Res. i. v, in Fraser's Mag. VIII. 670/1 Afghaun shawls. 1868Eliz. Prentiss Let. 13 Dec. in G. L. Prentiss Life & Lett. E.P. (1882) 260 Mr. P. has come up-stairs rolled up in your afghan. 1887Stockton Hundredth Man xxxii. 375 Miss Burns was crocheting an afghan. 1947J. Steinbeck Wayward Bus xiv. 195 The bedspread, now, a giant afghan she had knitted herself in little squares.
b. A kind of sheepskin coat or jacket worn with the skin side outside, sometimes embroidered and usu. having a shaggy border. In full, Afghan coat.
1973New Musical Express 21 July 45/2 (Advt.), Afghan sheepskin coat. 1974Ibid. 16 Nov. 60 (Advt.), Embroidered sheepskin Afghan supplied by top leading importer. Three-quarter length in various shades of brown with white shaggy hair and colourful embroidery, cleaned and washed to minimise smell. 1976West Lancs. Even. Gaz. 15 Dec. i. 3/7 (Advt.), Fun furs, Afghans and oddments at silly low prices. 1980N.Y. Times 11 Dec. 6a/6 Special on Afghan coats, cheap. 1983Ibid. 23 Oct. x. 33/1 Young Westerners..flaunting floor-length Afghan coats.
3. A coarse-woven rug or carpet. Also attrib.
1877F. H. Burnett Theo iv. 89 It was an Afghan Miss Elizabeth was making now. 1901J. K. Mumford Oriental Rugs xii. 236 Afghan carpets. 1920T. E. Lawrence Let. 16 Feb. (1938) 299 As for the rugs, please take any that seem worthy to you. There were two Afghans in the Arab Bureau. 1960News Chron. 12 Sept. 6/4 Good quality Afghans, say 12 ft. × 9 ft., can cost anything from {pstlg}110 to {pstlg}250.
4. In full Afghan (grey)hound. A swift hunting dog of the Near East resembling a shaggy greyhound. Cf. barukhzy.
1895[see Barukhzy]. 1905H. de Bylandt Dogs of All Nations I. 767 (caption) Ideal Afghan Greyhound. 1911Greyhound Stud Book 228 The President read a letter..admitting to the ‘Appendix’ of the Stud Book an imported Afghan greyhound. 1925E. M. Aitken Pets i. 28 For the purpose of classifying dogs on its registers the Kennel Club has two main divisions, sporting breeds and non-sporting breeds. These again are subdivided, the miscellaneous sporting kinds being Afghan Hounds, Basset Hounds, Beagles [etc.]. 1950Oxf. Jun. Encycl. IX. 191 Carvings on the walls of the Balkh caves of Afghanistan of about 2200 b.c. show that already an Afghan Hound, almost the same as the modern Afghan, was established in that country.
B. adj. Of or pertaining to the Afghans or their language.
1787C. Hamilton Hist. Relation Rohilla Afgans N. Provinces Hindostan 27 The Afgan Tartars, whose numerous tribes (under the general denomination of PATANS) occupy all the mountainous country which forms the North-western boundary of Hindostan. 1815[see no a. 3 a]. 1833, etc. [see senses A 2 and 4]. 1860H. G. Raverty Guls̱ẖan-i-Roh p. v, During the last sixty years..the cultivation of the Afg̱ẖān language has, comparatively, declined. 1875Encycl. Brit. I. 238 The Afghan chroniclers..claim descent from King Saul..through a son whom they ascribe to him, called Jeremiah, who again had a son called Afghâna. 1879Geo. Eliot Let. 20 June (1956) V. 171 What a comfort that the Afghan war is concluded! a1898H. Newbolt ‘He fell among Thieves’ in Island Race 68 He did not see the starlight on the Laspur hills, Or the far Afghan snows. 1969Southerly XXIX. 5 We..learned to..be cheeky to Chinese market-gardeners and Afghan pedlars. 1984Daily Tel. 22 Sept. 8/7 (Advt.), Afghan slipper socks... Made in Afghanistan. |
