| 释义 |
▪ I. crossing, vbl. n.|ˈkrɒsɪŋ, ˈkrɔːs-|
[f. cross v.]
1. The marking with or making the sign of the cross.
1530Palsgr. 211/1 Crossyng, croisee. 1548–9(Mar.) Bk. Com. Prayer, Offices 37 As touching kneeling, crossing..and other gestures. 1884Evangelical Mag. Jan. 9 As many genuflexions..and as many crossings as ever.
2. The action of drawing lines across; striking out, erasure; writing across other writing. crossing off or crossing out: striking off (an item), striking out (a word or entry) by drawing a cancelling line across it.
a1652J. Smith Sel. Disc. vii. 366 By procuring the crossing of all the debt-books of our sins. 1822Shelley Let. 18 June (1964) II. 715, I intend to indulge myself in plenty of paper and no crossings. 1848Clough Bothie iv. 178 Your letter..was written in scraps with crossings and counter-crossings. 1866Crump Banking iv. 90 The alteration or erasure of a crossing [of a cheque] is a forgery.
3. a. The action of passing across; intersecting; traversing; passage across the sea, a river, etc.
1575Turberv. Venerie 123 The crossings and doublings of the deare. 1768–74Tucker Lt. of Nat. (1851) I. 76 To follow..all the twistings, and crossings, and entanglements in those intricate subjects. 1805Southey Madoc in Azt. xxi, The complex crossings of the mazy dance. 1891J. E. H. Thomson Bks. wh. influenced our Lord ii. i. 271 The crossing of the great and wide sea.
b. The action of crossing the path of another rider so as to obstruct him. Also fig. Cf. cross and jostle in cross- B.
1796Hull Advertiser 23 Apr. 3/3 All the crossings and jostlings which the barrack-master..experienced. 1891Daily News 5 Nov. 3/3 May Rose, whose jockey..for boring and crossing, was suspended for the remainder of the meeting.
4. The place where two lines, tracks, bands, or the like, cross; intersection.
1828Scott Jrnl. (1890) II. 163 The ceiling..is garnished, at the crossing and combining of the arches, with the recurring heads of Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn. 1874Boutell Arms & Arm. iv. 61 A ring, placed at the crossing of the two strengthening bands.
5. spec.
a. The intersection of two streets, roads, lines of railway, etc. level crossing: the intersection of a road and a railway, or of two railways, on the same level.
1695Dryden Observ. Painting. Wks. 1808 XVII. 401 Statues..in the crossing of streets, or in the squares. 1700S. L. tr. Fryke's Voy. E. Ind. 179, I was always upon my guard at Turnings and Crossings of Streets. 1840F. Whishaw Railways Gt. Brit. 24 Where gates are fixed at the level road crossings. 1889G. Findlay Eng. Railway 51 The intersection of one rail with another at any angle is termed a ‘crossing’, and these crossings are so constructed with wing rails and check rails as to guide the flange of the wheel, and ensure its taking the required direction.
b. Eccl. Arch. That part of a cruciform church where the transepts cross the nave.
1835Whewell Archit. Notes German Ch. i. 45 note, The portion of the building..over that space in the ground plan where the transept crosses the nave is called the crossing. 1874J. T. Micklethwaite Mod. Par. Churches 13 If the pulpit be in the crossing.
6. The place at which a street, river, etc. is crossed by passengers.
1632Lithgow Trav. x. (1682) 426 Giving back to Toledo, I crossed the crossing Siera de Morada. 1763Johnson 28 July in Boswell, Sweeping crossings in the streets. 1869Trollope He Knew xxvi. (1878) 145 The fellow that sweeps the crossing.
7. Venery. (See quot.)
1611Cotgr., Salade..the young head of a Deere (long, tender, woollie, and but beginning to braunch) tearmed by our Woodmen, the crossing.
8. A thwarting, opposing, or contravening.
1580Lyly Euphues (Arb.) 377 Y⊇ iarres and crossings of friends. 1596Shakes. 1 Hen. IV, iii. i. 36 Cousin: of many men I doe not beare these crossings. 1669Woodhead St. Teresa i. Pref. (1671) 20 Macerations of the Body, and crossings of the Will. 1692Ray Dissol. World ii. ii. (1732) 83 It is a Crossing of Proverbs making Rivers to ascend to their Fountains.
9. The raising of animals or plants from individuals of different races; cross-breeding.
1851Beck's Florist 170 We commenced a series of ‘crossings’, with the view of remedying the..earliness of blooming and susceptibility to frost. 1879tr. De Quatrefages' Hum. Spec. 63 This crossing..is differently named according to whether it takes place between different races or different species.
10. Cheating, dishonest practice: see cross n. 29.
1592Greene Def. Conny Catch. (1859) 18 Is our crossing at cardes more perillous to the commonwelth than this cossenage for land?
11. Comb., as crossing-keeper, crossing-place; crossing-gate, a gate at a level crossing which is closed to road traffic when a train is due; crossing-over Biol., the formation of a genotype exhibiting characters derived from both parents when the characters are known to be linked; hence also, the interchange of segments between chromatids of homologous pairs of chromosomes which causes this breakdown of linkage; crossing-sweeper, a person who sweeps a (street-) crossing.
1929Star 21 Aug. 7/2 The railway crosses the road in several places without *crossing-gates.
1921D. H. Lawrence Sea & Sardinia iv. 128 At a level crossing the woman *crossing-keeper darted out vigorously with her red flag.
1912T. H. Morgan & E. Cattell in Jrnl. Exper. Zoöl. XIII. 79 In certain combinations, the relation between linkage and breaking of the linkage (‘*crossing-over’ as we shall call it) is shown at once. Ibid. 91 There were seven cases of crossing-over in color, all males, in a total of 872 males. 1937,1949Crossing-over [see asynapsis].
1786Francis II. 43 Employed in procuring a clean *crossing-place at the head of the Haymarket. 1876Bancroft Hist. U.S. V. xiii. 471 His forces..guarded the crossing-places from the falls at Trenton to below Bristol.
1840Dickens Old C. Shop xix, Making himself as cheap as *crossing-sweepers.
▪ II. ˈcrossing, ppl. a.
[f. as prec. + -ing2.]
That crosses, in various senses: see the verb.
1587Fleming Contn. Holinshed III. 1292/1 By meane of some crossing causes in the citie. 1626W. Sclater Exp. 2 Thess. (1629) 185 Onely consider how crossing to the whole Counsell of God..that proud dreame is. 1718Pope Iliad xx. 479 The crossing belts unite behind. 1875Bedford Sailor's Pock. Bk. iii. (ed. 2) 64 Whenever a green light is opposed to a red light..the ships carrying the lights are crossing ships. |
