| 释义 |
▪ I. chalder1 Sc.|ˈtʃɔːldə(r)|
Also 6 chawlder, chaudder, 7 chauder.
[app. a. OF. chaudière (also chaudere, chaldere, caldere) = Pr. caudiera, Sp. caldera, Pg. caldeira:—L. caldāria, f. cald-us, calid-us hot; but possibly a shortened form of chaldron, q.v. In sense 1, a med.L. celdra occurs in early Scottish statutes, and a corresponding vernacular form celdre is found.]
1. An obsolete dry measure of capacity: in Scotland 16 bolls or 64 firlots of corn, making nearly 12 quarters Winchester measure: used in the computation of the stipends of the parish ministers. For lime and coal it varied from 32 to 64 imperial bushels. (Formerly, also † celdre.)[a1300Leg. 4 Burg. lxvii, Pistor habeat ad lucrum de qualibet celdra.] α15..Chart. Aberd. 140 (Jam.) Alsmekill land as a celdr of aits will schawe. Ibid., George of Gordoun..occupeis a celdre of atis sawyne pertenand to Dunmetht.
βa1500Act Will. in Skene Reg. Maj. (1609) 3 Ane husband man and ane fermer, sall gif the thritten veschell of their lands of service: and maireour of ane chalder, ane firlot (for knawship). c1540Rev. Coldingham Priory in Proc. Berw. Nat. Club II. No. 11. 62 note, Wheat, 6 chalders, 7 bolls, 3 firlots, 2 pecks. c1610Sir J. Melvil Mem. (1735) 408 His Part..was thirteen Chalders of Victual. 1730–69De Foe, etc. Tour Gt. Brit. II. 151 The Quantity of Coals..supposed to be about 500,000 Chalders, every Chalder containing 36 Bushels. 1799J. Robertson Agric. Perth 286 The [lime] shells are sold at two shillings and twopence the boll, and the raw stones at seven shillings the chalder. 1730T. Boston Mem. vi. 63 The stipend..was five chalders of victual and 8 merks. 1813N. Carlisle Topog. Dict. Scotl. II. Halkirk, The stipend..was 2 chalders of meal, and 2 chalders of bear, {pstlg}600 Scotch, and {pstlg}30 Scotch for Communion Elements. 1812Chalmers Let. in Life (1851) I. 274, I had only got three chalders of augmentation where I asked and had reason to look for six.
†2. In England = chaldron, but for coal and lime varying in quantity from 32 to 40 bushels, according as the measure was stroked or heaped. (Apparently a northern word, introduced into the London market with coal.) Obs.
1570Wills & Inv. N.C. (1860) II. 324, XV Chalders of Coales. 1582Ibid. 88 A chaudder of corne. 1581MS. Acc. Hull Charterhouse, For sleckinge & siftinge of half a chawlder of lyme, iiijd. 1641Best Farm. Bks. (1856) 126 Of barley..they..carry but a chalder, i.e. fower quarter, or nine seckes in a waine. 1722De Foe Plague (1756) 255 The publick Fires..cost the City about 200 Chalder of Coals a Week. 1778Chron. in Ann. Reg. 161/1 Last year there was imported into London from Newcastle and Sunderland 6920931/4 chalders of coals.
3. As a liquid measure. (humorous.)
1630Tincker of Turvey 11 Whole chauders of strong ale.
▪ II. chalder2 Naut.|ˈtʃɔːldə(r)|
A rudder-brace or gudgeon.
1867Smyth Sailor's Word-bk., Chalders, synonymous with gudgeons of the rudder. |
