| 释义 |
▪ I. grin, n.1
Forms: α. 1, 3–7, 9 grin, 1, 4–5, 9 gryn, 2–3 grun, 4 grine, 4–5 gryne, (5 grynde), 5–6 grynne, (6 grynn), 6 grinne, 7 grinn. β. 3–5 grene, 4–5 green. γ. 4–6 grenne, 6 gren.
[OE. grin, gryn fem. and neut. (also giren in Vesp. Ps., cf. girn n.1).
The evidence of metre seems to show that there were two distinct OE. forms, grĭn neut. (pl. grĭnu) and grín fem.; but the ME. and mod.E. words descend exclusively from the form with short vowel. The form grĭn, standing alone, might be cogn. with grane and yarn, but the existence of a form with ī can hardly be reconciled with this.]
1. A snare for catching birds or animals, made of cord, hair, wire, or the like, with a running noose. Obs. exc. dial. or arch.
In the Bible of 1611 grin is found in certain passages (Job xviii. 9, Ps. cxl. 5, cxli, 9) where mod. edd. read gin. The altered reading is found in an edition printed at Cambridge in 1762; Cruden's Conc. 1737–69 retains the original reading.
αc825Vesp. Psalter ix. 16 In grin ðissum..ᵹegripen is fot heara. c1000Ags. Ps. (Th.) lxv. 10 Þu us on grame..gryne ᵹelæddest. Ibid. xc. 3 He me alysde of laðum grine. c1200Trin. Coll. Hom. 209 Ure fo fareð on hunteð and leið grune in a wilderne to henten þe deor þe wunieð þerinne. a1225St. Marher. 3 Þe fuhel þe is fon i þe fuheleres grune. a1250Owl & Night. 1057 Thu were i-nime in one grine. 1398Trevisa Barth. De P.R. xiv. lii. (Tollem. MS.), Also fouleres hiden ofte here grynnes [1535 grennes] and here nettes. c1440Jacob's Well (E.E.T.S.) 250 Whanne a sparowe is takyn in a grynde. 1481Caxton Reynard (Arb.) 21 The preest..had sette a gryn..for he wold fayn haue take the foxe. 1579Twyne Phisicke agst. Fort. i. xc. 112 b, So doth the foule flie safe betweene the line and the grin. 1630J. Taylor (Water P.) Praise Hempseed Wks. iii. 64/2 All sorts of faire fowle..Are with ingenuous jins, grins, nets and snares..oft taken vnawares. 1652Trapp Comm. Esther vii. 8 Made to stand upon snares or grinnes with iron teeth. 1671M. Bruce Good News in Evil Times (1708) 39 The Grins and Snares laid for them. 1879G. F. Jackson Shropsh. Word-bk., Grin, a snare, as for a hare or rabbit. 1894F. S. Ellis Reynard 58 The poor trapped beast At last broke from the gryn.
β1382Wyclif Ps. cxxxix. [cxl.] 5 Proude men hidden a grene to me. And cordis thei straȝten out in to a grene; by side the weie sclaunder thei putten to me. ― Prov. vii. 23 As if a brid heeȝe to the grene. 1387Trevisa Higden (Rolls) II. 385 Maydens of Athene were compelled as it were to snarles and grenes [printed greues]. c1420Pallad. on Husb. iv. 164 A green another hath for hem [moles] ytilde: To take hem therwithal is not vnlike. 14..Voc. in Wr.-Wülcker 591/42 Laqueus, a lace, a grene.
γa1380Virg. Antioch 360 in Horstm. Altengl. Leg. (1878) 31 Out of þat hous, as brid fro gren, Heo fleih awei and scaped þen. 1399Langl. Rich. Redeles ii. 188 Lymed leues were leyde all abouȝte..With grennes of good heere. 1480Caxton Chron. Eng. ccxxviii. 239 He shal be hold and teyde with a grenne. 1549–62Sternhold & H. Ps. cxxiv. 331 Euen as the bird out of the foulers grenne [rimes with then, men]. 1580Hollyband Treas. Fr. Tong, Vn laqs, a snare, a gren, a gin, a trap.
b. fig. or in fig. expressions.
c1000Ags. Ps. (Th.) xvii. 5 Deaðes grynu me ᵹefengon. c1200Trin. Coll. Hom. 209 Liðere lahtres beð his grunen. 1340Ayenb. 47 Hi ne heþ leme ine hire bodye þet ne is a gryn of þe dyeule. c1450tr. De Imitatione iii. vii. 73 Bileue him not..þouȝ he ofte tymes tende to þe grynnes of deceite. 1529More Supplic. Souls i. Wks. 313/2 Ye lyke good Christen people auoiding theyr false straines & grinnes, geue none eare to theyr haynous heresies. 1557N. T. (Genev.) Gal. Argt., Men ought..not to haue their consciences snared into the grennes of mans traditions. 1610G. Fletcher Christ's Vict. ii. xxix, Vnder that same baite a fearefull grin Was readie to intangle him in sinne. 1615W. Hull Mirr. Maiestie 140 Rid me from fatall grins Of passions abused.
†2.
a. A noose.
b. A halter. Obs.
c1000Ags. Gosp. Matt. xxvii. 5 And he awearp þa scyllingas inon þæt templ & ferde & mid gryne [v.r. grine] hyne sylfne aheng. 1591Percivall Sp. Dict., Dogal o cordel, a cord, a rope,..a grin to hold a horse.
▪ II. grin, n.2|grɪn|
Also 8 grinn.
[f. grin v.2; cf. girn n.2]
An act of grinning.
1635–56Cowley Davideis iii. 564 He walks, and casts a deadly Grin about. a1661B. Holyday Juvenal Pref. 3 A perpetual grin does rather anger than mend. 1711Addison Spect. No. 173 ⁋5 He shew'd twenty Teeth at a Grinn. Ibid., They found he was Master only of the merry Grinn. 1718Lady M. W. Montagu Let. to Pope Wks. 1837 II. 113 The French grin is equally remote from the chearful serenity of a smile, and the cordial mirth of an honest English horse-laugh. a1729Congreve Of Pleasing 30 Thersites..Attempts a Smile, and shocks you with a Grin. 1781Cowper Hope 747 These move the censure and the illiberal grin Of fools that hate thee and delight in sin. 1818M. W. Shelley Frankenst. xix. (1865) 231 A ghastly grin wrinkled his lips as he gazed on me. 1874C. Geikie Life in Woods xviii. 310 He ended with a broad grin. 1884Sala Journ. due South i. xxvi. (1887) 356 The gaunt hobbledehoy..grinning a very unlovely grin.
transf.1887Lowell Old Eng. Dram. (1892) 22 Like a belated masquerader going home under the broad grin of day.
b. on the (broad or † high) grin: grinning (openly and unmistakeably).
1738Swift Pol. Conversat. i. 26 What! you would not have one be always on the high Grin. 1809Malkin Gil Blas i. viii. ⁋3 They were all on the broad grin except myself. 1863Hawthorne Our Old Home (1883) I. 283 A ring..thickly gemmed around with faces, mostly on the broad grin. 1884Punch 25 Oct. 196/2 He is perpetually on the grin.
▪ III. grin, v.1 Obs. exc. dial.
Forms: 1 grinian, 4 grene, (9 green), 7, 9 grin.
[f. grin n.1; independently formed at different periods. Cf. grane v.]
trans. To catch in a noose; to snare, ensnare; to choke, strangle.
a850Kent. Glosses in Wr.-Wülcker 59/9 Inlaqueatus es, ðu eart ᵹegrinad. 1382Wyclif Prov. vii. 21 She grenede hym with manye woordis. ― Isa. viii. 15 Manye of hem shul..ben to-brosid, and grened [Vulg. irretientur], and ben taken. c1400Apol. Loll. 51 It semiþ þat lewid men hiring prestis..are grenid [printed greuid] in þe same synne. 1622S. Ward Woe to Drunkards (1627) 18, I haue..heard of one that, hauing stolne a sheepe, and laying it downe vpon a stone to rest him, was grin'd and hang'd with the strugling of it about his necke. 1823[see grane v.]. 1824Mactaggart Gallovid. Encycl., Grinning Hares, the devilish art of setting gins..to hang hares. 1841Hartshorne Salop. Antiq. 449 Grin, v., to take hares or game by means of a running noose set in those particular parts of a hedge through which they are accustomed to pass. 1879G. F. Jackson Shropsh. Word-bk., Grinned, trapped in a ‘grin’.
▪ IV. grin, v.2|grɪn|
Forms: α. 1 grennian, 3 grennen, 4–6 grenne, (5 grennyn), 6 gren. β. 4–5 gryn, 5–6 grynne, 7 grinne, 4– grin.
[The OE. gręnnian (:—OTeut. type *granjôjan) is cognate with OHG. grennan to mutter (MHG. grennen to grin):—OTeut. *granjan; possibly related to *granâ moustache. A root of identical form appears in OHG. granôn to grunt (MHG. granen, grannen to grunt, wail), ON. grenja to howl, OSw. gränia to roar, to gnash or show the teeth threateningly.
The mod.Eng. grin appears to be only a phonetic development, orig. northern, of the older gren- (cf. glent and glint, hent and hint), but it presents a remarkable contact of sense and form with a number of Teut. words belonging to a different ablaut-series: OHG. grînan str. vb. to distort the countenance, gnash the teeth, grin, weep profusely (MHG. grînan, mod.G. greinen wk.), mod.Du. grijnen (the mod.Icel. grína to stare, Sw. grina, Du. grine to grin, are perh. from LG.); further MHG. grinnen to gnash the teeth, MDu. grinsen (mod.Du. grijnzen), mod.G. grinsen to grin. There has probably been some associative influence between the two Teut. forms gran- and grī̆n-, the latter of which appears to be an extension of the root grī̆- of OE. gríma mask. The vb. girn is a northern metathetic form of grin.]
1. intr. Of persons or animals: To draw back the lips and display the teeth:
a. generally, or as an indication of pain or † anger; † also to grin with the teeth. Const. at, † on, † upon. Said also of the jaws or teeth.
αa1000Juliana 596 He grennade and grisbitade. a1050Liber Scintill. lv. (1889) 172 Nelle þu grenniendum [L. dissolutis] welerum hleahter forðbringan. a1225Ancr. R. 212 Heo schulen ham sulf grennen & niuelen..iðe pine of helle. c1290S. Eng. Leg. I. 84/36 He grennede and femde touward hire. 13..Coer de L. 3406 Lay every hed on a plater..Upward hys vys, the teeth grennand. a1366Chaucer Rom. Rose 156 Y-frounced foule was hir visage, And grenning for dispitous rage. c1400Apoll. Loll. 58 Þe hound of wrechfulnes grenniþ wiþ his teþ. 1413Pilgr. Sowle (Caxton) ii. li. (1859) 53 This cruel Sathanas, that so fowle grenneth vppon me. c1450Merlin 667 The catte..grenned with his teth, and coveited the throte of the kynge. 1530Palsgr. 574/2, I grenne, I make an yvell countenaunce, je grongne. 1539Bible Ps. lix. 6 They grenne lyke a dogg. 1546Bale Eng. Votaries ii. (1550) 83 b, Grennyng vpon her lyke termagauntes in a playe. 1596Spenser F.Q. vi. xii. 27 And some of Tygres, that did seeme to gren And snar at all that ever passed by.
βa1300Cursor M. 11878 (Gött.), He liftid vp his lathli chin, and felunli gan on þaim grin. 1340Hampole Pr. Consc. 7411 Ilk ane salle other hate dedly, And ilk ane gryn on other and cry. c1400Rowland & O. 1322 Whi grynnes thou nowe so one mee As thofe thou wolde mee byte? c1450Mirour Saluacioun 2630 Yt the Jewes..shuld..grynne on hym like beestes. 1592Shakes. Ven. & Ad. 460 As the wolfe doth grin before he barketh. 1596Spenser F.Q. v. iv. 37 Which when as Radigund there comming heard, Her heart for rage did grate, her teeth did grin. 16022nd Pt. Return fr. Parnass. v. iv. 2231 Nought can great Furor do, but barke and howle, And snarle and grin. 1629Gaule Holy Madn. 210 Grinnes like a Dogge. 1697Dryden æneid vii. 927 The Teeth and gaping Jaws severely grin. 1713Addison Cato iv. i. 52, I saw the hoary Traytor Grin in the Pangs of Death, and bite the Ground. a1774Harte Vision Death 285 A skeleton..Whose loose teeth in their naked sockets shook, And grinn'd terrific. c1800H. K. White Gondoline 258 The mouth it ghastly grinn'd. 1810Scott Lady of L. i. xxvii, Here grins the wolf as when he died. 1840Lytton Pilgr. Rhine xi. 148 The Fox grinned with pain, and said nothing.
transf. and fig.1447O. Bokenham Seyntys (Horstm.) 23 My penne also gynnyth make obstacle..For I so ofte haue maad to grenne Hys snowte vp-on my thombys ende. c1460Towneley Myst. vii. 205 Then shall hell gape and gryn. 1647J. Berkenhead Assembly-man in Harl. Misc. (1745) V. 97/1 His Sermon and Prayer grin at each other, the one is Presbyterian, the other Independent. 1698Fryer Acc. E. India & P. 37 From this Point..a Dozen Guns more that grin upon Maderas.
b. by way of a forced or unnatural smile, or of the broad smile indicative of unrestrained or vulgar merriment, clownish embarrassment, stupid wonder or exultation, or the like. Const. at, on.
c1480Yng. Childr. Bk. 57 in Babees Bk., Loke þou laughe not, nor grenne. a1541Wyatt Courtier's Life 53 Grin when he laugheth. 1590Spenser F.Q. i. vi. 11 All..gently grenning, show a semblance glad To comfort her. 1621Wither Motto B 2 b, I cannot..grin When he a causeles laughter doth begin. 1682Dryden Relig. Laici Pref., Wks. (Globe) 190 The most saint-like of the party..grinned at it with a pious smile. 1742Young Nt. Th. viii. 1311 Athens' fool Grinn'd from the port, on ev'ry sail his own. 1781Cowper Conversat. 902 With rash and awkward force the chords he shakes And grins with wonder at the jar he makes. 1824W. Irving T. Trav. I. 285 They often grinned and capered with heavy hearts.
Phrase.1840Dickens Barn. Rudge xxxix, He grinned from ear to ear at every word he said.
c. to grin for (a prize): in quot. in indirect passive. (Cf. grinning vbl. n. b.)
1711Addison Spect. No. 173 ⁋2 A Gold Ring to be Grinn'd for by Men.
†d. quasi-trans. to grin the teeth. Obs.
c1430Syr Gener. (Roxb.) 4916 He grenned his teth, and gan to swere. 1483Caxton Gold. Leg. 98 b/2 They wyth⁓sayde it in theyr hertes and grennyd theyr teeth ayenst hym. 1599Minsheu Sp. Gram. (1623) 8 Dogs, in grinning their teeth, when they would bite, sound this letter R. a1700Dryden Cymon & Iphig. 622 They neither could defend, nor can pursue; But grinn'd their teeth, and cast a helpless view.
e. with cognate object.
1667Milton P.L. ii. 846 He [Satan] ceas'd, for both seemd highly pleasd, and Death Grinnd horrible a gastly smile. 1884[see grin n.2].
f. Of a coat of paint: to show through (an upper coat). Also used of other surfaces that exhibit gaps.
1854A. E. Baker Gloss. Northants. Words I. 291 You must undo your work, the stitches grin so. 1901in N. & Q. 9th Ser. VIII. 225/2 The priming coat grins through the paint of the sashes. 1916R. A. Freeman Exploits of Danby Croker vii. 145 When you have drilled the holes, you must put a drop of walnut stain in each, or else they ‘grin’. 1966Times 25 Apr. 13/1 Tufting can produce a wide range of fabric qualities,..though cheaper ones have a tendency to ‘grin’.., that is, to show the backing through the all-too-sparse pile.
2. a. trans. To express by grinning.
1681N. Lee in Dryden's Wks. 1701 III. p. vii, Even the Phanaticks..Bow in their own despite, and grin your Praise. 1732Ld. Lansdowne Unnat. Flights Poetry 62 He grins defiance at the gaping crowd. 1748Smollett Rod. Rand. (1812) I. 181 The surgeon grinned approbation. a1822Shelley Devil vi. 3 Grinning applause, he just showed them his claws. 1865Carlyle Fredk. Gt. xxi. iv. (1872) X. 13 You do not much mean this, Monsieur? You merely grin it from the teeth outward. 1894Outing (U.S.) XXIV. 40/2 We grinned farewells.
b. intr. Of a feeling: To find expression by grinning. nonce-use.
1749Fielding Tom Jones xiv. x, The counterfeit Satisfaction which grinned in the features of the young one.
3. Phrases. to grin and abide, to grin and bear it: to submit to one's fate with no other sign of impatience than a grin. to grin in a glass case (slang: see quot. 1785). to grin like a Cheshire cat (see cat n.1 13 f). to grin through a horse-collar (see horse-collar).
1785Grose Dict. Vulg. Tongue, s.v., To grin in a glass case, to be anatomised for murder. 1794–6E. Darwin Zoon. (1802) II. 114 Thus we have a proverb where no help could be had in pain, ‘to grin and abide’. c1810W. Hickey Mem. (1960) viii. 132 Vexed at..the childishness of his behaviour, I answered, ‘I recommend you to grin and bear it’—an expression used by sailors after a long continuance of bad weather. 1813E. S. Barrett Heroine III. xxxix. 151, I heard a sudden disturbance below; his lordship crying out ‘Oh, what shall I do?’ and Jerry bidding him ‘grin and bear it’. 1859Geo. Eliot in M. Porter Ann. Publishing House (1898) III. ii. 51 ‘Adam Bede’ flourishes, so I grins and bears it! 1870M. Bridgman Ro. Lynne II. ix. 190, I must grin and bear it. |
