| 释义 |
▪ I. hurl, v.|hɜːl|
Also 4–5 hourle, 4–6 horle, (9 dial. horl, hull).
[Akin in form and (in branch 1) in sense, to LG. hurreln to toss, sling, throw, precipitate, thrust, push, dash: cf. also mod.Du. horrel a push, a jog. The connexion of the other senses is doubtful; but sense 10 agrees with mod.E.Fris. hurreln to roar or bluster as the wind; cf. Upper Ger. dial. hurlen to roll, rumble as thunder. None of these continental words can be traced back even to the Middle period; and they are generally connected with the onomatopœic hurr expressing rapid motion. In early ME. there appears to have been frequent confusion of hurl and hurtle, partly scribal, but largely through contact of sense in the notion ‘dash’; similarly also of hurl and harl to drag; in later times there seems to have been association with whirl, esp. in hurlpit, hurlpool, hurlwind.]
I. Referring to motion.
1. intr. To move, or be carried or driven with violence or impetuosity; to rush impetuously; to dash. Obs. or arch.
(The first quot. is doubtful; it may be hurt or hurtle.)
[a1225Ancr. R. 166 Iðe worldes þrunge, mid a lutel hurlunge [MS. T. hurtlinge] ȝe muhten al uor-leosen, ase þeo wrecches iðe worlde, þet hurleð togederes & to-brekeð hore uetles, & schedeð hore clennesse. ]a1300Curson M. 23932 Þi leme leuedi vs light emell, Þat he mot haueles hurl to hell. 13..E.E. Allit. P. B. 376 Water..wonez þat stryede, Hurled in-to vch hous. 1382Wyclif 1 Sam. xxi. 13 He..hurlide hidir and thider bitwix the hoondis of hem. ― Matt. vii. 25 Flodis camen, and wyndis blewen and rusheden [v.r. hurliden] in to that hous. c1400Destr. Troy 1365 Maydons for mornyng hade þere mynde loste, Hurlet out of houses. 1513Douglas æneis iii. x. 39 A huge peple we se Of Ciclopes cum hurland to the port. 1585Jas. I Ess. Poesie (Arb.) 62 Zour wordis to be cuttit short, and hurland ouer heuch. 1669Sturmy Mariner's Mag. i. ii. 20 We rolling climbe, then hurling fall beneath. 1728–46Thomson Summer 450 The very streams..impatient, seem To hurl into the covert of the grove. 1816Scott Antiq. xvii, Its waters were seen hurling clear and rapid under their silvan canopy.
†b. app. identified or confused with hurtle.
c1400Destr. Troy 1198 When helmes and hard stele hurlet to-gedur. Ibid. 6638 Mony hurlit doun hedstoupis to þe hard vrthe! 1470–85Malory Arthur x. ii, He hurled vnto sir Tristram, & smote hym clene from his sadel. 1609Spenser's F.Q. i. iv. 16 Suddaine vpriseth..The royall dame, and for her coche doth call: All hurlen [ed. 1590 hurtlen] forth, and she with princely pase, As faire Aurora in her purple pall.
†c. app. associated or confused with whirl.
13..E.E. Allit. P. C. 271 He [Jonas] glydez in by þe giles..Ay hele ouer hed, hourlande aboute. 1632Lithgow Trav. i. 21 Mens mindes..They hurling come and goe, like fish at baits.
2. trans. To drive or impel with impetuous force or violence. (In early use the passive was = sense 1.)
c1305Judas Iscar. 25 in E.E.P. (1862) 108 Þe see him hurlede vp and doun: as a liþer clot. c1386Chaucer Man of Law's T. 199 O firste moeuyng crueel firmament With thy diurnal sweigh that..hurlest al from Est to Occident. 1535Coverdale Jonah i. 4 The Lorde hurled a greate wynde in to the see. 1688S. Sewall Diary 28 Nov. (1878) I. 237 Scarce any sleeping all night, things in the Cabbin were so hurled to and again. 1735Pope Prol. Sat. 87 Pit, Box, and gall'ry in convulsions hurl'd. 1884A. J. Butler Coptic Ch. Egypt i. 179 Amr hurled his troops and his engines in vain against the solid walls of Babylon.
b. refl. To throw oneself impetuously; = 1.
c1400Destr. Troy 10680 Þai hurlet hom full hard with hor hoge dynttes. 1886Stokes Celtic Ch. (1888) 251 The Scandinavians hurled themselves..upon England.
†c. app. identified with hurtle and whirl. Obs.
1382Wyclif Luke vi. 49 Flood was hurtlid to that hous..His hous..in to which the flood was hurlid [v.r. hurtlid]. 1590Spenser F.Q. i. i. 16 [The monster Error] hurling her hideous taile About her cursed head. 1617Markham Caval. iii. 76 When you come euen to the brim of the ditch, you shall hurle your horse suddainly vpon that side which is from your aduersary.
3. trans. To throw or cast with violence (from some position); to precipitate, throw down, overthrow. lit. and fig.
c1350Will. Palerne 1243 Hetterly boþe hors & man he hurled to þe grounde. c1400Destr. Troy 10208 He hurlit of helmys, hedis within. c1400York Myst. xxx. 222 He bese hurled for [? fro] þe highnes he haunted. c1485Digby Myst. (1882) iii. 142, I xal hovrle of yower hedes. c1585R. Browne Answ. Cartwright 1 Let vs shortly gather vp his vntrueths..and hurle them out by manifest and knowen markes. 1613Purchas Pilgrimage (1614) 532 An Earth⁓quake, that hurled downe Temples and Pallaces. 1757Gray Desc. Odin 93 Till wrap'd in flames, in ruin hurl'd, Sinks the fabric of the world. 1805A. Duncan Mariner's Chron. IV. 63 One of those by the pump was suddenly torn away by a breaker..and hurled into the abyss. 1821Byron Heav. & Earth iii. 668 The first..hath been hurl'd From his once archangelic throne. 1849Macaulay Hist. Eng. v. I. 632 Raised to power and hurled from it. 1855Ibid. xvi. III. 674 A mine exploded, and hurled a fine German battalion into the air.
refl.1613Purchas Pilgrimage (1614) 529 Hanging a great stone about their neckes..[they] hurle themselves into the Sea. 1871L. Stephen Playgr. Europe viii. (1894) 186 The grand glacier..hurled itself madly downwards.
4. To throw or cast (a missile, projectile, or the like); to project; to fling.
a1400–50Alexander 2224 Oure pepill..hurled out arowis. 1530Palsgr. 588/1, I horle, I throwe a thynge..I holde the a peny that I hurle this stone over yonder house. 1663Charleton Chor. Gigant. 46 Profaning the Lord's Day with hurling the Ball. a1735Ld. Lansdowne Beauty & Law 47 The Sire Omnipotent prepares the brand..Then flaming hurls it hissing from above. 1874Boutell Arms & Arm. ii. 21 Hector and Ajax hurl their lances at each other. 1874Green Short Hist. i. §3. 20 Leaping on horse⁓back, he hurled his spear into the sacred temple.
†b. generally. To throw, cast, toss; to ‘throw’ in wrestling. Obs.
1563–87Foxe A. & M. (1684) III. 679 Here is a Testament in my hand, if I hurl him in the Fire and burn him, have I burned Gods Word, or not? c1611Chapman Iliad xiv. 150 A heavenly veil she hurls On her white shoulders. 1611Beaum. & Fl. Knt. Burn. Pestle iii. ii, Why, Nell, I saw him wrestle with the great Dutchman, and hurl him. 1613Purchas Pilgrimage (1614) 539 Flesh-pottage, which they hurle by handfuls into their mouthes. 1615Markham Eng. Housew. (1660) 92 Pull it all in pieces, and hurl in a good quantity of currants. 1659D. Pell Impr. Sea 148 Though hee hurl the rod into the fire after all is done.
c. absol.
1530Palsgr. 588/2 He can hurle as far by hande as some man can do with a slynge. 1611Bible Num. xxxv. 20 If he..hurle at him by laying of waite that he die.
d. spec. To play the game of ‘hurling’.
1766E. Griffith Lett. Henry & Frances IV. 285 The Mob used to hurle there on every St. James's Fair⁓day. 1780A. Young Tour Irel. I. 365 Sometimes one barony hurls against another, but a marriageable girl is always the prize. 1836W. H. Maxwell Capt. Blake I. xi, I..danced, hurled, and was happy. a1843Southey Comm.-pl. Bk. IV. 563 The Irish custom of horsing a girl, and then hurling for her, that the winner may marry her. 1857Trench Proverbs ii. (ed. 4) 34 note, ‘The man on the dyke always hurls well;’ the looker-on at a game of hurling, seated indolently on the wall, always imagines that he could improve on the strokes of the actual players.
5. transf. and fig. To throw out or forth with force; to utter (words, threats, etc.) with vehemence; to dart (rays, a glance, etc.).
1590Spenser F.Q. i. ii. 29 For golden Phoebus..From fiery wheeles of his faire chariot Hurled his beame. 1602Marston Ant. & Mel. iv. Wks. 1856 I. 44 His spirit hovers in Piero's court, Hurling about his agill faculties, To apprehend the sight of Mellida. c1611Chapman Iliad iv. 86 Jove, brandishing a star, which men a comet call, Hurls out his curled hair abroad. 1667Milton P.L. i. 669 Hurling defiance toward the vault of Heav'n. 1792J. Barlow Conspir. Kings 86 Truth's blest banners, o'er the regions hurl'd. 1858Carlyle Fredk. Gt. vi. ix. II. 221 Hurling a glance at Grumkow. 1875Manning Mission H. Ghost vii. 189 The accusations that may be hurled at you.
†6. To drag or pull with violence; = harl v.1 1. (Also absol.) Obs.
c1305Pol. Songs (Camden) 211 Whan menne horlith ham here and there, Nego savith ham fram care. c1400Destr. Troy 10311 He..Festnyt hym..by his fete euyn, Hard by the here of his horse tayle, And hurlit hym with hethyng þurgh þe hoole ost. c1420Anturs of Arth. (Douce MS.) 187 Þey hurle [Irel. MS. hurlun, Thornt. MS. harle] me vnhendely. 1500–20Dunbar Poems lxxii. 20 In yre thai hurlit him heir and thair. 1663R. Blair Autobiog. ii. (1848) 22 The new creature was assaulted, hurled and holed as a captive.
†7. To jostle; = hurtle v. Obs.
1388Wyclif Ezek. xxxiv. 21 For that that ȝe hurliden [1382 punchiden, Vulg. impingebatis] with sidis, and schuldris..alle sike beestis.
8. To wheel or drive (a vehicle, or in a vehicle, esp. one that goes heavily). (Also intr.) Sc. and north.
a1745W. Meston Poems (1767) 126 Ne'er hackney hurl'd On better wheels in the wide world. 1786Burns ‘Sir, Yours this moment’, If on a beastie I can speel Or hurl in a cartie. 1795Fortnight's Ramble 18 Their shopmen..are hurling their whiskies along the villages. a1810Tannahill Poems (1846) 16 Now and then we'll hurl in a coach. 1893Northumbld. Gloss., Horl,..to wheel, to trundle. ‘Where ye gan ti horl yor gords’ (i.e. hoops)?
† II. 9. intr. To strive, contend: see hurling vbl. n. 3. Obs.
c1440Promp. Parv. 253/2 Hurlyn, or debatyn, incursor.
† III. 10. intr. To roar or bluster as the wind; to howl: see hurling vbl. n. 4. Obs.
1530Palsgr. 589/1, I Hurle, I make a noyse as the wynde dothe, je bruys. Ibid., The wynde hurled so sore that none of us coulde nat here an other. c1535Hye Way Spyttel Hous 101 in Hazl. E.P.P. IV. 27 The sharp north wynd hurled bytterly. 1598Drayton Heroic. Ep. xxi. 76 The shrugging Ayre about thy Temples hurles.
IV.
11. dial. (intr.) To be chill, to be pinched with cold (Craven Dial. 1828).
Hence hurled ppl. a.
1638F. Junius Paint. of Ancients 231 When..finding of fault begins to interrupt our worke, it is impossible that the force of our hurled invention should keepe her course.
▪ II. hurl, n.|hɜːl|
[f. hurl v. Various groups of senses have arisen independently from different senses of the vb., and are practically distinct words.]
I.
1. The action or an act of hurling; a forcible or violent cast or throw.
1530Palsgr. 233/1 Hurle or throwe with a stone, coup de pierre. a1693Urquhart Rabelais iii. xii. 93 The darting Hurls, or slinging Casts of the Vulcanian Thunderbolts. 1695Congreve Taking of Namur viii, Beholding Mountain on Mountain thrown! With threatening hurl! that shook th' æthereal Firmament. 1813Ld. Thurlow Poems 24 With weak and idle hurl Their darts had sped.
2. The stick or club used in the game of hurling; in quot. 1791, a lacrosse-stick.
1791W. Bartram Carolina 370 A company of young fellows..came in..with rackets or hurls in one hand. Ibid. 508 Each person having a racquet or hurl, which is an implement..somewhat resembling a laddle or scoop-net, with a handle near three feet in length, the hoop and handle of wood, and the netting of thongs of raw hide, or tendons of an animal. 1858E. O'Curry Mann. Anc. Irish (1873) II. 359 He would give his ball a stroke of his hurl..he would throw his hurl at it.
II.
3. ? The rush (of water); swirl. rare.
13..E.E. Allit. P. C. 319 Þe pure poplande hourle playes on my heued. a1400–50Alexander 1154 Þe wawis of þe wild see apon þe wallis betis, Þe pure populande hurle [v.r. perle] passis it vmby. 1890Clark Russell Ocean Trag. II. xviii. 109 A sea that had..lost the early snappish and worrying hurl put into it by the first of the dark blast.
4. A downward rush; esp. a violent and noisy rush of stones, etc. down a steep slope. Sc.
1549Compl. Scot. vi. 39, I herd mony hurlis of stannirs & stanis that tumlit doune vitht the land rusche. 1632Lithgow Trav. vi. 262 Distempred feare brought him downe upon me with a rushling hurle. 1866W. Gregor Banffsh. Gloss., Hurl (1) a quantity of any hard material thrown down, or falling down in confusion and accompanied with noise; as ‘A hurl o' stanes cam doon on's back’... In a hurl, means in a confused mass, accompanied with noise. (2) The noise caused by any hard material thrown down, or falling down of itself.
†5. Diarrhœa. Sc. Obs.
1508Dunbar Flyting w. Kennedie 194 It is wittin..thow hes the hurle behind.
III. 6. A ride in a cart or other wheeled vehicle, a drive. Sc.
1822Carlyle Early Lett. (Norton) II. 144 We will not let you want a hurl up and down in the coach. 1826J. Wilson Noct. Ambr. Wks. 1855 I. 236 I'll take a hurl wi' ye as far as the Harrow.
IV.
†7. Strife, contention; commotion, tumult.
c1440Promp. Parv. 253/2 Hurl, or debate, sedicio. 1553N. Grimalde Cicero's Offices i. (1558) 36 Making a hurle [tumultuante] to be thrust from his place. 1587Fleming Contn. Holinshed III. 1028/1 About the same time that this rebellion..began in the west, the like disordered hurles were attempted in Oxfordshire, and Buckinghamshire. 1603Knolles Hist. Turks (1621) 358 In this hurle a great part of the Christian armie..was speedily transported over the river. 1653Urquhart Rabelais i. iv. 23 They all went out in a hurle.
8. Sc. ‘The act of scolding; sometimes expressed, a hurl of a flyte’ (Jam.).
a1800H. Blyd's Contract 6 (Jam.) She ga' me sic a hurl I never gat the like o't.
▪ III. hurl
var. of harl n.1 |
