| 释义 |
solvolysis Chem.|sɒlˈvɒlɪsɪs|
Pl. -lyses |-lɪsiːz|.
[ad. G. solvolyse (P. Walden 1910, in Sammlung chem. und chem.-techn. Vorträge XV. x. 447), f. solvens solvent n.: see -lysis.]
The decomposition or dissociation of a solute brought about by the action of the solvent.
1916Chem. Abstr. X. 2349 Most probably other indifferent, i.e., non-ionizing solvents are also capable of dissociating salts into base and acid. This general property of solvents, which is independent of electrolytic dissociation, is designated ‘solvolysis’ or solvolytic dissociation. 1922Jrnl. Physical Chem. XXVI. 567 The solvolyses were performed simultaneously in porcelain crucibles in an oven at 225°–230°. 1940L. P. Hammett Physical Org. Chem. vi. 171 The product of the solvolysis is not completely racemized. 1972R. A. Jackson Mechanism iv. 56 Solvolysis of the diester 63 has been postulated to involve the intermediate carbonium ion 64.
So solvoˈlytic a., pertaining to or of the nature of solvolysis; solvoˈlytically adv.
1916[see solvolysis]. 1931Chem. Rev. VIII. 199 Goldschmidt and Mathiesen..report the solvolytic constants for a variety of bases in ethyl and methyl alcohols. 1965Phillips & Williams Inorg. Chem. I. xv. 556 Solvolytic reactions are often of synthetic value, but they also severely limit the range of reactions which may be conducted in a particular solvent. 1974Gill & Willis Pericyclic Reactions vi. 148 With a monohalogeno carbene a mixture of endo- and exo-halogenobicycloalkanes is formed, only one of which will usually be solvolytically reactive. 1975Nature 21 Aug. 681/1 Overberger and Podsiadly have demonstrated the importance of polymeric chain aggregation on the rate of solvolytic reaction. |
