| 释义 |
▪ I. oven, n.|ˈʌv(ə)n|
Forms: α. 1–2 ofn, 1–3 ofen, (hofen), 3–6 ouen, 3– oven, (4 ouin, 4–5 oue, ouene, houen, 5 ovuen, oven(n)e, ovon, owen, 5–6 ovyn(e, owyn, 6 oueen). β. Sc. 4–6 oyne, (hoyne), 6 une, 8–9 oon.
[Com. Teut.: OE. ofn, ofen = OLG. *ov(e)n (MLG., MDu., Du. oven), OHG. ovan (MLG. oven, Ger. ofen), ON. ofn, ogn (Sw. ugn, ONorw. ogn, Da. ovn), Goth. auhn-s:—OTeut. *ohno-:—pre-Teut. *uqno-; cf. Gr. ἰπνός oven, furnace, also Skr. ukhá-s cooking-pot, orig. perh. ‘something hollowed out’. Heof(o)ne in Lindisf. G. must be a scribal error; Sc. oyn, oon (pronounced øn, ʏn)), is like aboon from aboven.]
†1. A furnace. Obs.
a900O.E. Martyrol. 3 May 70 Þa het he sendan hi ealle þry on byrnendne ofn. c950Lindisf. Gosp. Matt. vi. 30 Gers uel heᵹ londes þæt todæᵹ is & tomorᵹen in heofone [Rushw. in ofne] bið ᵹesended. Ibid. xiii. 42 And sendas hia uel ða in ofn fyres. c1200Vices & Virtues (1888) 73 Al swo is þe pott ðe is idon on ðe barnende ofne. a1300Cursor M. 2926 Als it war a brinand ouen [v.r. ouin]. 13..Minor Poems fr. Vernon MS. xxix. 93 In to the houene the child he caste. c1375Sc. Leg. Saints xxxi. (Eugenia) 860 [Men] put hyr in ane oyne brinande. c1450Mirour Saluacioun 3055 The aungels sent in to the oven to confort the childre. 1535Coverdale Song 3 Childr. 22 The kynges seruauntes..ceassed not to make the ouen hote with wylde fyre, drye strawe, pitch & fagottes. 1642J. Eaton Honey-c. Free Justif. 128 The three Children of Israel cast into the hot fierie Oven. 1722Sewel Hist. Quakers (1795) I. 52 The day of the Lord is coming that shall burn as an oven.
fig. and transf.a900tr. Bæda's Hist. iv. xi. [ix.] (1890) 288 Þætte eal þæt se ofn þære singalan costnunge asude. 1590Spenser F.Q. i. xi. 26 [The Dragon] from his wide devouring ouen sent A flake of fire.
2. a. A chamber or receptacle of brick, stonework, or iron, for baking bread and cooking food, by continuous heat radiated from the walls, roof, or floor. Variously distinguished as baker's oven, brick oven, domestic oven, out- (= outside) oven; and, with modern mechanical appliances, as continuous oven, reel oven, revolving oven, rotary oven, travelling oven.
Dutch oven, (a) a large pot heated by surrounding it with fuel, and placing hot coals on the lid; (b) a cooking utensil made of sheet-metal, placed in front of a grate and heated by radiation and by reflection from the back of the chamber. † Egyptian oven, a large earthenware vessel sunk in the ground, and heated from the inside by fuel which is withdrawn before introducing the articles to be baked.
c1000ælfric Exod. viii. 3 Hi..gaþ..on þine ofnas. c1200Ormin 993 Bulltedd bræd Þat bakenn wass inn ofne. c1375Sc. Leg. Saints xxii. (Laurentius) 589 He saw..In his awne hoyne..A laf quhyt as snaw. 1432–50tr. Higden (Rolls) I. 405 Whete that is baken in an oue. 1477Tintinhull Churchw. Acc. (Som. Rec. Soc.) 193 It. for the owyn..viij. 1486Bk. St. Albans B viij, A whyte looff..sumwat colder then it commyth owt of the oouen. 1513Ld. Treas. Acc. Scot. IV. 488 To the baxtaris of the greit schip for clay to make an une in the greit schip. c1532G. Du Wes Introd. Fr. in Palsgr. 916 To put in the ouuen, enfourner. 1555Eden Decades 197 Rosted or stewed in an ouen. 1583Leg. Bp. St. Androis 305 Had careit hame heather to the oyne, Cutted off in the cruik of the moone. 1627tr. Bacon's Life & Death (1650) 47 Bread..which is baked in an oven thorowly heated. 1766Wesley Jrnl. 17 July, I preached..in a house as warm as an oven. 1769Mrs. Raffald Eng. Housekpr. (1778) 129 Put them in a Dutch oven to brown. 1824Scott St. Ronan's ii, I will make better confections than ever cam out of his oon. 1838T. Thomson Chem. Org. Bodies 1030 The mean heat of a baker's oven, as ascertained by M. Tillet, is 448°. 1849Dickens Dav. Copp. xxiv, I'll toast you some bacon in a bachelor's Dutch-oven that I have got here.
fig.1593Nashe Christ's T. Wks. (Grosart) IV. 186 Damme vp the Ouen of your vttrance, make not such a bigge sound with your empty vessels.
b. In various proverbial sayings.
a1250Owl & Night. 292 Þat me ne chide wiþ þe gidie Ne wiþ þan ofne me ne ȝeonie. 1546J. Heywood Prov. (1867) 69 No man will an other in the ouen seeke, Except that him selfe haue beene there before. 1577[see gape v. 1]. 1596Nashe Saffron W. 151 Of the Good-wife..finding her daughter in the ouen, where she would neuer haue sought her, if she had not been there first her selfe. a1677Barrow Serm. III. 394 To gape against an oven, to blow against the wind, to kick against the pricks. [So Du. tegen een ovengapen.] 1856Reade Never too late xiv, It is no use now I've been and gone into the same oven like a fool.
c. transf. A small oven-like tomb built at ground level.
1851E. S. Wortley Trav. U.S. I. xxi. 237 The graves are also elevated. The dead are buried in sepulchral houses, which are termed here ‘ovens’. 1879Cassell's Techn. Educ. IV. 267/2 Owing to the damp nature of the ground..there are no graves in the cemeteries, the coffins with the dead being deposited in tombs or ‘ovens’ erected above the soil. 1921Chambers's Jrnl. Aug. 511/1 There was no system in the arrangement of the ‘ovens’.
d. A cremation chamber; spec. one of the chambers used by the Germans during the war of 1939–45 for the cremation of Jewish corpses.
1945[see gas oven]. 1962M. Procter Body to Spare xxi. 158 The two incinerators, invariably called ovens by local undertakers. 1964L. Deighton Funeral in Berlin xxiii. 129 He couldn't eat his lunch for the stink of the cremation ovens. 1967C. Potok Chosen xiii. 228 Where else [but Palestine] could the remnant of Jewry that had escaped Hitler's ovens go? 1976L. Sanders Hamlet Warning (1977) ix. 75 This beats those Nazi ovens.
e. fig. A woman's womb; chiefly in colloq. phr. to have something in the oven (and variants), to be pregnant. See also bun n.2 1 a, pudding n. 5 c.
1962‘B. Graeme’ Undetective ii. 19 Good lord! You mean there's something in the oven? 1967H. W. Sutherland Magnie ii. 24 She knew definitely she had one in the oven. 1976‘D. Fletcher’ Accomplices v. 143 She's in the club, you know. Got one in the oven, eh?
3. A chamber, fixed or portable, for the heating or drying of substances in chemical, metallurgical, or manufacturing processes; a small furnace, kiln, etc. Often with defining or descriptive addition, as air-oven, anchor-oven, annealing-oven, bee-hive-oven, coke-oven, drying-oven, heating-oven, porcelain-oven, proving-oven, tile-oven, etc.
1753Chambers Cycl. Supp., Oven, or Assaying Oven, in metallurgy, is the particular sort of furnace, used by the assayers in their operations on metals. 1823P. Nicholson Pract. Build. 360 An inclosed closet, with an iron grating, for the tin to stand on, called the Proving Oven. 1881Porcelain Works, Worcester 26 A china oven..is built of fire bricks. 1884F. J. Britten Watch & Clockm. 65 The ‘oven’ is a box made of sheet copper or iron, generally with a water-jacket to the bottom, the exterior of which is heated by a gas jet.
4. attrib. and Comb., as oven-bat, oven-blast, oven-fork, oven-house, oven-keeper, oven-maker, oven-mouth, oven-rake, oven-stirrer, oven-sweeper, etc.; oven-baked (oven-baken), oven-dry, oven-hot, oven-like, oven-ready, oven-shaped adjs.; oven-wise adv. and adj. Also oven-bottom(ed) a., designating cake or bread baked at the bottom of the oven; oven-bread, -cake, bread or cake baked in an oven; oven-cloth, a heat resistant cloth used for handling dishes in an oven; oven-coke, coke obtained by heating coal in a closed retort; oven-cook v., to cook in an oven; oven-glass, glass ware suitable for use in an oven; oven glove, an oven cloth made in the form of a glove; oven-man, a man who attends to an oven; oven mit(t) = oven glove above; oven-mouth, the mouth or entrance of an oven; fig. a wide or gaping mouth; oven-peel, a baker's peel; ovenproof [proof a. (adv.) 1 b], suitable for use in an oven; oven's-nest, the nest of the great titmouse, also = oven-bird (Swainson); oven-stone, a stone which closes the mouth of an oven; stone used for building ovens; oven timer (see quot. 1961); oven-to-table a., designating ovenware designed also for use at the table for serving; ovenware, dishes that can be used for cooking in an oven; oven wood, wood for heating an oven. Also oven-bird, -builder.
c1000ælfric Voc. in Wr.-Wülcker 127/27 Formentum, *ofenbacen hlaf.
1682Dryden Dk. of Guise iii. i, You *Oven-Bats, you Things so far from Souls, Like Dogs, you're out of Providence's Reach.
1849Aytoun Poems, Scheik of Sinai iv, The dark defile is blazing Like a heated *oven-blast.
1956G. Mann Good Food from Old England 185 A piece of dough was always reserved for Leather Cake, or *Oven Bottom Cake. The name Oven Bottom Cake naturally came from the fact that the cake was baked on the bottom of the oven where the heat was. 1957J. Kirkup Only Child ix. 121 We..ate warm, freshly-baked ‘oven-bottom cake’. 1959Times 9 Mar. (Britain's Food Suppl.) p. xii/5 Many..in the over-40 age group..look back with nostalgia to the crusty oven-bottomed bread of their youth. 1967‘S. Woods’ And shame Devil 74 [She] did her own baking and ate oven-bottom cake and treacle every day for tea.
1600J. Pory tr. Leo's Africa ii. 45 Neither shall you finde many in Hea which eate *ouen-bread.
1772Graves Spir. Quix. vii. ii, He might have offered us a bit of his *oven-cake. 1821Combe Dr. Syntax, Wife iii. 1020 And he did such a breakfast make On new bak'd loaf and oven-cake.
c1909D. H. Lawrence Collier's Friday Night (1934) ii. 38 Ernest (rising and going to the oven, picking up the *oven-cloth from the hearth). 1957J. Kirkup Only Child ii. 44 Whenever she opened the oven door she used an ‘oven-cloth’. 1969D. Clark Death after Evensong v. 133 Maria carried in a pizza... She slid it off the glove oven-cloth. 1977Limerick's Catal. Spring 5 Oven cloth... To protect the hands. Mitten type. Each 68 p.
1854Ronalds & Richardson Chem. Technol. (ed. 2) I. 117 Coke, which is much more porous and less dense than *oven-coke.
1953Britannica Bk. of Year 639/1 Compounds like *oven-cook (verb)..also occurred. 1974Times 7 Mar. 13/7 If your frying pan is on the small side, there's no reason why you should not oven-cook the chicken halves.
1966A. W. Lewis Gloss. Woodworking Terms 63 *Oven dry, wood which has been baked in an oven at 100°C (212°F), until it ceases to lose weight, i.e. until all the moisture has been removed. 1971Gloss. Soil Sci. Terms (Soil Sci. Soc. Amer.) 12/1 Oven-dry soil, soil which has been dried at 105C until it reaches constant weight.
1611Cotgr., Fourgon, an *Ouen⁓forke..wherewith fuell is both put into an Ouen, and stirred when it is (on fire) in it.
1939–40Army & Navy Stores Catal. p. xlviii/1 *Oven Glass, Phoenix. 1961Guardian 12 June 6/7 Phoenix oven glass..[is] one of the reliable heat-proof glasses.
1965Sun 3 Nov. 40/4 *Oven gloves help to cheer up a kitchen on a dull morning. 1968‘E. Peters’ Grass Widow's Tale vi. 84 Her nursery towelling oven gloves. 1976Oadby & Wigston Advertiser 26 Nov. 9/2 Oven gloves..make very welcome gifts.
1922Blunden Shepherd 30 The night drooped *oven-hot. 1962[see Jaffa]. 1976E. Ward Hanged Man xx. 118 Parma ham and oven-hot bread.
c1425Voc. in Wr.-Wülcker 670/22 Hoc furnium, *ovenhouse.
1886B. Harte Snowbound 26 *Oven-like cañons in the long flanks of the mountains.
1483Cath. Angl. 263/1 An *Owen maker or keper, clibanarius.
1832G. R. Porter Porcelain & Gl. 63 The *oven-man places trial pieces in different parts of the oven.
1969Guardian 10 Feb. 9/4 Trendy gifts like *oven mits. 1973‘D. Halliday’ Dolly & Starry Bird ii. 21 He put both hands around the handle like oven mitts.
1593Harvey Pierce's Super. Wks. (Grosart) II. 231 To stoppe thy *Ouen-mouth with a lidde of Butter. a1845Hood To Grimaldi ix, Thy oven-mouth, that swallow'd pies.
1660Hexham Dutch Dict., Een School, ofte Oven-pael, an *Oven-peele to set-in bread. 1877B. R. Major Discov. Pr. Henry ii. 17 Brites d'Almeida, the baker's wife, slew with her oven-peel no less than seven Castilian soldiers.
1939–40Army & Navy Stores Catal. 714 Phoenix is the latest *oven proof glass-ware. 1957Housewife Sept. 89/2 Scandinavian saucepan in oven-proof pottery. 1961Harper's Bazaar Feb. 29/2 Two casserole dishes..are flame-proof and oven⁓proof. 1974Country Life 5 Dec. 1735/3 Ramekins..in ovenproof pottery.
c1000ælfric Voc. in Wr.-Wülcker 106/39 Rotabulum, myxforce, uel *ofenraca. 1580Hollyband Treas. Fr. Tong, Vn fourgon, a makon, an Ouen rake.
1960A. E. Bender Dict. Nutrition 90/2 *Oven ready, term applied to poultry that have been plucked, neck, legs and entrails removed,..and finally sealed into heat-shrinkable Cryo-vac wrapping—ready for oven without any further handling. 1960Farmer & Stockbreeder 23 Feb. 64/3 A new firm..has been formed with the aim of becoming one of the largest producers of oven-ready turkeys and ducklings in the country. 1962[see fish finger s.v. fish n.1 7]. 1973Times 16 Nov. 4 Wholesale prices of oven-ready turkey and chicken have fallen slightly in the past week.
1865Kingsley Herew. I. ii. 85 Within the old *oven-shaped Pict's house.
a1825Forby Voc. E. Anglia, *Oven's nest, the nest of that very pretty bird [the oven-bird]. It is otherwise..called a pudding-poke's nest.
1611Cotgr., Fourgonneur, an Ouen-tender, or *Ouen-stirrer.
1602How Man may Chuse good Wife iii. iii. in Hazl. Dodsley IX. 54 Bid the cook take down the *oven-stone, [lest] the pies be burned. 1838Murray's Hand-bk. N. Germ. 271 The cave-like excavations of Bell, whence oven-stone (pierre au four) is obtained.
1580Hollyband Treas. Fr. Tong, Escouillon, an *Ouen sweeper.
1961Which? Oct. 250/1 One cooker..had an automatic *oven timer. This, like the ringers had a clockwork mechanism, which turned the oven on and off after a pre-set time. 1977Transatlantic Rev. lx. 87 Then he [mimes] a man shaving and showering in a flurry of interruptions: the phone, the doorbell, the oven timer.
1977Jrnl. R. Soc. Arts CXXV. 215/2 A wide range of ceramic items from the early beginnings to the latest *oven-to-table ware. 1979House & Garden Mar. 78/3 (Advt.), Oval casserole from versatile range of oven-to-table ware.
1926–7Army & Navy Stores Catal. 785 Pyrex transparent ‘glass’ *oven ware. 1933Archit. Rev. LXXIV. 26 (caption) Some very well shaped Vitreosel quartz ovenware. 1959Listener 5 Feb. 267/1 Bake fillets of cod or haddock in an ovenware dish. 1973Guardian 23 May 9/5 Prestige's second eleven price range, Skyline, for their ovenware passes on many of the blessings of their first team's design.
1715Leoni Palladio's Archit. (1742) I. 60 Their Arches round or *oven-wise. Ibid. 63 The great Rooms are arch'd with a Fascia, the square ones Oven-wise.
1794Cowper Needless Alarm 12 Oaks..that had once a head But now wear crests of *oven-wood instead.
▪ II. oven, v.|ˈʌv(ə)n|
[f. prec.]
†1. trans. To bake in an oven. Obs. or dial.
1685Lintoun Green (1817) 65 (E.D.D.) The first I bought..Was o'ened and buttered weell. 1688R. Holme Armoury iii. 293/2 A Jannock..is Ovened very soft.
2. To shut up as in an oven.
1596Nashe Saffron Walden Wks. (Grosart) III. 203 One angle or corner..to hide him in..& brickil & ouen vp his stinking breath. 1864Gd. Words 100/1 The earth's own temperature, not now radiated into the celestial spaces, is shut in—it is ovened, or muffled up.
Hence ovened |ˈʌv(ə)nd|, ppl. a., dial. dried up, shrivelled, sickly. (Halliwell.)
1866J. E. Brogden Prov. Words Lincolnsh. (E.D.D.), The eddish is very ovend. |
