| 释义 |
parvis|ˈpɑːvɪs|
Also 5 parvys, per-, par-vyce, 5–9 erron. parvise.
[a. F. parvis, ‘place in front of the principal door of a church, particularly of a cathedral, as the Parvis of Notre Dame’, in OF. parevis (12–13th c. in Hatz.-Darm.), earlier pareïs (paraïs, -aÿs, parewis) (Godef.):—L. paradīs-um paradise (a name given in the Middle Ages to the atrium or court in front of St. Peter's at Rome, and to the courts before other churches: see Du Cange). From F. also a med.L. form paravīsus, paravīsius.]
1. The enclosed area or court in front of a building, esp. of a cathedral or church; in some cases, surrounded as a cloister with colonnades or porticoes; whence, sometimes applied to a single portico or colonnade in front of a church, and (in dictionaries) explained as a church-porch.
The parvis of St. Paul's in London was a noted place of resort, esp. for lawyers.
c1386Chaucer Prol. 310 A Sergeant of the Lawe war & wys That often hadde been at the Parvys. c1440Promp. Parv. 385/2 Parvyce, parlatorium. 1476J. Paston in P. Lett. III. 156, I prey yow as ye se hym at the parvyse and ellys where, calle on hym for the same letter. c1485in Digby Myst., Mor. Wisd. (1882) 167 At the parvyse I wyll be A' Powlys, be-twyn two and three. 1687A. Lovell tr. Thevenot's Trav. ii. 80 Before this Mosque there is a Parvis or Walk of many Angles, and in the middle of it a Bason of Water likewise Polygone. 1706Phillips, Parvis, a Court before a Church-Porch, or any Palace or stately House. 1745F. Blomefield Norfolk II. 748 In 1300, I find Mention of a Publick School for Children to learn to read and sing, kept in the Parvis of this Church [St. Martin's, Norwich]. 1864Longfellow Div. Commedia ii, Canopied with leaves Parvis and portal bloom like trellised bowers. 1875H. James Transatlantic Sk., Rom. Neighb. 179 It stands perched on a terrace as vast as the parvise of St. Peter's. 1881Daily News 1 Apr. 3/1 Its illuminating power was clearly proved by the two lamps on the parvis of St. Paul's Cathedral. 1886[see sense 2]. 1895H. Rashdall Universities II. ii. xii. §5. 448 note, The word ‘Parvis’ is used of the Cloister of Notre Dame at Paris, the Palace Yard at Westminster, etc.
¶b. By some 19th c. writers applied in error to ‘a room over a church-porch’.
App. originating in a misunderstanding of quot. 1745 above. See Penny Post 1868, pp. 159, 213.
1836Parker Gloss. Archit., Parvis, a small room over the porch, formerly used as a school. 1838Ibid. ed. 2 s.v. 1842Gwilt Archit. Gloss., Parvis..It seems also to have signified a room over the church porch, where schools used to be held. 1848Rickman's Archit. p. xlvi, A plain porch..with a room over it (commonly but erroneously called a parvise). 1852Hook Ch. Dict. (1871) 568. 1856 J. Allen Liskeard viii. 120. 1867 Gwilt's Archit. (ed. 6) 956 A Norman porch, with an upper story or parvise, a chamber which appears to have been variously appropriated. 1881Archit. Publ. Soc. Dict., Parvise or Parvis... Modern writers have applied this term, but apparently without any good authority, to a room often found over church porches. 1888N. & Q. 7th Ser. VI. 203/1.
†2. A public or academic conference or disputation. (So called from being originally held in the court or portico of a church.) Obs.
1496Dives & Paup. (W. de W.) iii. vi. 142/1 There [in chirche] they holde theyr peruys of many wronges whiche they thynke to doo. c1530More Answ. Frith Wks. 841/2 Whan he was a young sophister he would I dare say haue been full sore ashamed so to haue ouerseene himselfe at Oxforde at a peruise. 1579Fulke Heskins's Parl. 296 M. Hesk. will set..a boy in the Paruis to answere the Bishop. 1706Phillips, Parvis, a Court before a Church-Porch,..whence that Disputation at Oxford, call'd Disputatio in Parvisiis. It is also apply'd to the Mooting or Law-Disputes among young Students at the Inns of Court. 1886H. C. Maxwell-Lyte Univ. Oxford 205 A ‘general sophister’..was required to attend the logical ‘variations’ that were held ‘in the parvise’ for at least a year, ‘disputing, arguing, and responding’ on sophisms... The parvise being a cloister, paved platform, or other open space, immediately adjoining a church. A curious instance of the survival of old names is to be found in the ‘testamur’..which is nowadays [down to 1893] issued by the examiners at ‘Responsions’, to the effect that a successful candidate has answered to the questions of the Masters of the Schools ‘in parviso’. |
