| 释义 |
heriot|ˈhɛrɪət|
Forms: 1 hereᵹeatu, hereᵹeatwa, -we, 3–4 heriet, 6 her(r)iotte, haryotte, (aryott), 6–7 har(r)iot, 7 herriott, 7–8 herriot, 3–4, 7– heriot.
[OE. hereᵹeatwa, -we, f. here here n. army, host + ᵹeatwa, ᵹeatwe trappings, equipments, ornaments, armour.]
†1. Military equipments. (Only in OE.)
c888K. ælfred Boeth. xxxvii. §1 Mid gyldenum hylt sweordum, and mid maniᵹfealdum hereᵹeatwum ᵹehyrste. c993Battle of Maldon 48 Hi willað eow to gafole garas syllan, ættrene ord and ealda swurd, ða hereᵹeatu ðe eow æt hilde ne deah.
2. Eng. Law. A feudal service, originally consisting of weapons, horses, and other military equipments, restored to a lord on the death of his tenant; afterwards a render of the best live beast or dead chattel of a deceased tenant due by legal custom to the lord of whom he held; the corresponding payment in Sc. Law was the hereyeld.
At an early period this render was commuted in many cases for a fixed money payment. The heriot is now an incident of manorial tenures only. In some exceptional cases, it is also due on a change of tenants, and even on the entry of a new lord. suit heriot: see quot. 1882.
c950Dipl. Angl. ævi Sax. (Th.) 499 And þam cinge minne hæreᵹeatwa, feower sweord, and feower spæra, and feower scyldas. a1035Laws of Cnut ii. c. 71 [72] (Schmid) And beon þa here-ᵹeata [v.rr. hereᵹeate, heriᵹeata] swa hit mæðlic sy. Eorles..eahta hors, feower ᵹesadelode and feower unᵹesadelode, and feower helmas and feower byrnan and ehta spera and eall swa feala scylda and feower swurd and twa hund mancus goldes. Ibid. c. 78 [79] Se man þe on þam fyrdunge ætforan his hlaforde fealle..beon þa hereᵹeata forᵹyfene. c1290S. Eng. Leg. I. 445/480 On of is pouere Men wende of lif-dawe, And is beste best to heriet men brouȝte him, ase it was lawe. 1343in Kennett Par. Antiq. (1818) II. 83 Juliana Hardy..diem clausit extremam, et accidit domino nova heriota ii. boves pret. xvi s. c1500in W. Denton Eng. 15th Cent. (1888) 319 note, Now yowr farmor takes in & lettes at hys wylle with owt fyne or aryott to yowe. 1523Fitzherb. Surv. xii. (1539) 29 There be two maner of herriottes. 1611Cotgr. s.v. Ample, For a Heriot whereof the Landlord takes his deceased tenants best horse. 1641Brome Jovial Crew i. Wks. 1873 III. 356 What Hariots have you tane from forlorne Widows? 1647Fuller Gd. Th. in Worse T. (1841) 128 There accrueth to the land⁓lord a fine and heriot from his tenant taking a farther estate in his lease. 1767Blackstone Comm. II. vi. (1809) 97 Heriots..are a render of the best beast or other good (as the custom may be) to the lord on the death of the tenant. 1861Pearson Early & Mid. Ages Eng. 426 The heriot conveyed the acknowledgement of former vassalage, and, from analogy, one was claimed by the church at the death of every believer. 1874Stubbs Const. Hist. I. ii. 24 note, The warhorse and spear were the gift of the princeps and the origin of the later heriot. Ibid. ix. 261 The change of the heriot to the relief implies a suspension of ownership, and carries with it the custom of livery of seisin. 1875Maine Hist. Inst. vi. 162 The Heriot of English Copyhold tenure..has been explained as an acknowledgment of the Lord's ownership of the cattle with which he anciently stocked the land of his villeins. 1882A. Brown Scriven's Copyholds vi. §1 (ed. 6) 213 A heriot reserved on lease, or suit heriot, partakes strictly of the nature of rent, so that the lord cannot seize, but must either distrain..or bring an action.
b. transf. Applied to analogous payments in other countries.
1642Fuller Holy & Prof. St. v. xviii. 430 The petty-Land⁓lords of the times, to whom rich fines and heriots would accrue upon every exchange..took part with Andronicus. c1645Howell Lett. i. i. xxxviii, He is contented with a white Mule, and Purse of Pistols about the neck, which he receives evry yeer for a herriot or homage. 1705W. Bosman Guinea 448 The eldest Son is sole Heir, but is obliged to present a Slave by way of Herriot to the King.
c. fig.
a1670Hacket Abp. Williams ii. (1692) 228 His body was interred..in Llangeday, the heriot which every son of Adam must pay to the Lord of the Mannor of the whole Earth. 1680Crowne Mis. Civ. War ii. 19 Cruelly sworn; But yet such oaths are heriots, which widows To custom always pay, when a life falls.
3. attrib. and Comb., as heriot-land; heriot custom, heriot service (see quot. 1767).
1002in Earle Land Charters (1888) 220 Ðæt hereᵹeatland æt Suttune. 1531Dial. on Laws Eng. ii. ix. (1638) 75 For heriot service the Lord shall distraine. a1676Hale Anal. Law xxvii. (1739) 71 This Acquisition by Act in Law may be..4. By the Custom as in the Case of Heriot Custom. 1767Blackstone Comm. II. xxviii. (1799) 422 Heriot-service, and heriot-custom. The former are..due upon a special reservation in a grant or lease of lands, and therefore amount to little more than a mere rent: the latter arise upon no special reservation whatsoever, but depend merely upon immemorial usage and custom. 1896Daily News 4 Nov. 6/6 In the Court of Appeal yesterday..Sir Thomas claimed that either by heriot custom or heriot service he was entitled to a heriot of the best beast of the deceased tenant.
Hence † ˈheriotage Obs. (see quot.).
1611Cotgr., Droict de meilleur Cattel, heriotage; the best chatell a tenant hath when he dies, due vnto his Land⁓lord. |
