| 释义 |
High-ˈChurchman
[orig. high Churchman: cf. good Churchman, strict Churchman, etc.]
A Churchman or member of the Church of England holding opinions which give a high place to the authority and claims of the Episcopate and the priesthood, the saving grace of the sacraments, and, generally, to those points of doctrine, discipline, and ritual, by which the Anglican Church is distinguished from the Calvinistic churches of the Continent, and the Protestant Nonconformist churches in England.
a. Originally applied in the 17th and early 18th c. to those who, holding a de jure Episcopacy, opposed a comprehension or toleration of differences in church polity, and demanded the strict enforcement of the laws against Dissenters, and the passing of such additional measures as the Occasional Conformity Bill. With these were then associated the doctrine of the divine right of kings (of the House of Stuart), and the duty of non-resistance on the part of subjects. The appellation was, in fact, practically synonymous with Tory, and was at first a hostile nickname, equivalent to the earlier High-flyer, High-flying or High-flown Churchman (q.v.); after the invention of the antithetic Low-Churchman, it began to be accepted as relatively appreciatory. b. In recent times, since 1833, the name has been increasingly appropriated to the adherents of the Oxford Movement led by John Henry Newman, and (afterwards) by Edward Bouverie Pusey. The ecclesiastical principles of these are more or less analogous to those of the ‘old High-Churchmen’, but exhibit (at least in their extreme form) a much closer approximation to those of the pre-Reformation Church. c. The name is occasionally applied to those who hold (except as to episcopacy) somewhat analogous opinions in the established Church of Scotland, and perhaps in some other religious communities.
1687Gd. Advice 43 Against the will of the high Churchmen. 1702Reasons Addr. Maj. to invite Electress etc. 9 Those..are particularly stil'd High-Flyers, High-Churchmen, a few of 'em Nonjurants, and all of 'em Torys. 1704[C. Leslie] (title) The Wolf Stript.. by one call'd an High Church-man. Ibid. 4, I venture, for it's a Venture at this Time, to own the name of an High-Church-Man. No man thinks it a Disparagement to be High, that is Zealous in any good thing. 1705Evelyn Diary Oct. (1889) II. 389. 1708 (title) The Character of a High-Church-Man. Ibid. 7 A High-Church Clergyman is a Holy-man in his Conversation. 1709Sacheverell Serm. 5 Nov. 19 Have they not lately Villainously Divided us with Knavish Distinctions of High, and Low-Church Men? 1741–3Wesley Extract of Jrnl. (1749) 99 Neither should I have wonder'd, if..the zealous high-churchmen had rose, and cut all that were call'd Methodists in pieces. 1791Boswell Johnson I. 8 He was a zealous high-churchman and royalist, and retained his attachment to the unfortunate house of Stuart. 1835Hook Ch. Dict., High Churchman. This is the nickname given to those..who regard the Church, not as the creature and engine of State policy, but as the institution of our Lord. 1890T. F. Tout Hist. Eng. iii. x. vi. 234 The Bennett judgment..in 1870 definitely permitted the teaching of the most distinctive doctrine of the new High Churchmen.
Hence High-ˈChurchmanship, the doctrine or practice of High-Churchmen, High-Churchism; adherence to the High Church party; also High-ˈChurchmanism.
1829J. R. Best Pers. & Lit. Mem. 198 High-churchmanism, a religion differing much more from low-churchmanism than from popery. 1874Gladstone in Contemp. Rev. Oct. 672 It was thought to be like a sign of the double superlative in High Churchmanship. 1882Abp. Tait in Macm. Mag. XLVI. 417 So powerfully had the early teaching of Newman represented English High Churchmanship as the best barrier against the Church of Rome. |
