| 释义 |
▪ I. rug, n.1 Sc.|rʌg|
Also 5 ruge.
[f. rug v.1]
1. A pull, a tug.
c1425Wyntoun Cron. iii. ii. 367 Wiþe a ruge þe rapis al He crakkyt in to pecis smalle. 1500–20Dunbar Poems lxxii. 60 The claith that claif to his clere hyde, Thai raif away with ruggis rude. 1719Ramsay To Arbuckle 23, I ga'e the muse a rug, Then bate my nails and claw'd my lug. 1826J. Wilson Noct. Ambr. Wks. 1855 I. 228 The least rug will bring down the squash. 1861G. H. Kingsley Sp. & Trav. (1900) 253 When one caught the ither by the pow, and gied him a rug. 1894Blackw. Mag. July 67 An unexpected..‘rug’ by a brace of pounders.
2. A torn-off portion, a ‘haul’, of something; a catch or acquisition.
c1450Holland Howlat 797 Raike hir a rug of the rost, or scho sall ryiue the. c1480Henryson Poems (S.T.S.) III. 151 Recipe, thre ruggis of the reid ruke.
1808Jamieson s.v., When one purchases any thing under its common price, it is said that he has got a rug of it. 1824Scott Redgauntlet let. xi, Sir John..voted for the Union, having gotten, it was thought, a rug of the compensations. 1875W. Alexander Ain Folk iii, They agreed that the farrow cow was a great ‘rug’.
▪ II. rug, n.2|rʌg|
Also 6–7 rugge, 7–8 rugg.
[perh. of Scand. origin: cf. Norw. dial. rugga, rogga coarse coverlet (also skinnrugga skin-rug; ruggefeld shaggy cloak), Sw. rugg ruffled or coarse hair, frizz, rugge tuft, etc. These are app. related to ON. rǫgg: see rag n.1]
†1.
a. A rough woollen material, a sort of coarse frieze, in common use in the 16–17th cent. Obs.
1558Lanc. Wills (Chetham Soc.) II. 114 Unto the poore people xij peces of gray rugge. 1592Chettle Kind Harts Dr. (1841) 45 In a gown of rugge, rent on the left shoulder. 1611Speed Hist. Gt. Brit. ix. xv. §46. 794 A man bare-headed, and bare-legged, attired in a coat of white rugge. 1622Peacham Gentl. Exerc. ii. vii. (1634) 126 December must be..clad in Irish rugge, or coorse freeze. 1664Power Exp. Philos. i. 50 A Sage Leaf looks like a white Rugge, or Shagge, full of knots, tassel'd all with white silver Thrums. 1711Countrey Man's Let. to Curate 95 He goes Generally in Winter in good thick Rug, and in Summer most part in a Highland Plaid.
†b. With pl. A kind or make of frieze; also, a frieze cloak or mantle. Obs.
1551–2Act 5 & 6 Edw. VI, c. 6 §1 All Clothes called Manchester Rugges, otherwise named Frices. Ibid. §24 Any of the Clothes, Karseys, Frices, Rugges or Cottons aforesaide. 1599Hakluyt Voy. II. ii. 87 The townes built of stone, the people rude in conditions, apparelled in diuers coloured rugs. 1610Holland Camden's Brit., Ireland 63 Which [sheep] they sheare twice a yeere, and make of their course wool rugges or shagge mantles. 1657R. Ligon Barbadoes (1673) 109 Forty pound I think fit to bestow on Irish Ruggs such as are made at Kilkennie, and Irish stockings. 1680Morden Geog. Rect. (1685) 39 Several Manufactures as Freezes, Ruggs, Mantles, &c.
†c. ? One who wears a frieze cloak. Obs.—1
1638Shirley Mart. Soldier ii. iii, I am..Lord over these Larroones, Regent of these Rugs, Viceroy over these Vagabonds.
2. A large piece of thick woollen stuff (freq. of various colours) used as a coverlet or as a wrap in driving, railway-travelling, etc.
1591Percivall Sp. Dict., Alcatifa, a rug for a bed. 1625Fletcher & Shirley Nt. Walker v. i, I wished 'em then get him to bed, they did so, And almost smothr'd him with rugges and pillowes. 1667Pepys Diary 13 July, Mighty hot weather; I lying this night..with only a rugg and a sheet upon me. 1687B. Randolph Archipelago 101 We were not free from fears least the seas should wash away those ruggs which we had stopped in between the timbers. 1731Swift Cassinus & Peter Wks. 1751 X. 191 A Rug was o'er his Shoulders thrown; A Rug; for Night-gown he had none. 1778Eng. Gazetteer (ed. 2) s.v. Wigan, Lancaster, famous for the manufacture of coverlets, rugs, blankets, and other sorts of bedding. 1862Macm. Mag. June 125 The child can scarcely be too soon accustomed to be laid on its back on a mattress or rug on the floor. 1871Carlyle in Mrs. Carlyle's Lett. III. 247 We had to wrap our invalid in quite a heap of rugs and shawls. 1875Knight Dict. Mech. 1999/2 A railway-rug is a coarse shawl for wrapping the legs or for use as a blanket.
fig.1626Donne Serm. 817 In that Green bed whose covering is but a Yarde and a half of Turf and a Rugge of Grass.
phr.1769Stratford Jubilee ii. i, If she has the mopus's, I'll have her, as snug as a bug in a rug. 1798W. Hutton Life (1816) 137 The doctor..said, ‘You are as safe as a bug in a rug’.
3. a. A mat for the floor, usually of thick or shaggy stuff. Cf. hearth-rug. In phrases: to cut a (or the) rug: to dance (esp. to jazz music); to pull the rug out from under someone: see pull v. 20 j; to sweep (or kick) (something) under the rug: to conceal (something difficult, embarrassing, or unpleasant) in the hope that it will go unnoticed or be forgotten (cf. carpet n. 2 e).
1808Jane Austen Let. 1 Oct. (1952) 212 She does not doubt your making out the Star pattern very well, as you have the Breakfast-room-rug to look at. 1810Knox & Jebb Corr. II. 5 You shall have a sofa in your bed-chamber.., and a little rug for your hearthstone. 1847C. Brontë J. Eyre xix, I stood on the rug and warmed my hands. 1902Buchan Watcher by the Threshold 287 The fire-lit hall, with its rugs and little tables. 1930Heal's Catal.: Furnit. 9 Knotted Axminster Circular Rug, designed by the late Noel Simmons, 5 ft. in diameter. 1942Harper's Bazaar July 21/3 Let's dance, wanta cut a rug. 1943N.Y. Times 9 May ii. 5/4 Why, brother, all the cats cut a mean rug to that music. 1945T. Williams Glass Menagerie vii. 107 ‘How about cutting the rug a little, Miss Wingfield?’ ‘Oh, I—’ ‘Or is your program filled up? Let me have a look at it. Why, every dance is taken!’ 1961D. M. Disney Mrs Meeker's Money vii. 77 The whole thing..was so far outside the normal routine..that it practically demanded being swept under the rug. 1973Times 1 Dec. 20/8 Those who used to look for reds under the beds now fear bugs under the rugs. 1976National Observer (U.S.) 25 Sept. 12/4, I can see numerous problems that were rather swept under the rug in the article. 1978M. Puzo Fools Die xvi. 174 Unless the government covers the whole thing up, you know, kicks it under the rug.
b. U.S. slang. A wig.
1940J. O'Hara Pal Joey 190, I even wear a little rug up front. 1967W. & M. Morris Dict. Word & Phr. Origins II. 75 Advertisements for men's wigs invariably refer to them as hair pieces, but in the trade a wig may be a doily, a divot or a rug. Ibid., And a rug? Well, that's the works—a wig to conceal over-all baldness. 1978Telegraph (Brisbane) 18 Feb. 8/2 ‘Now, in fact, I do wear a hairpiece in the film I'm making.’.. The film for which he has donned a ‘rug’ as they are called, is Meteor.
†4. ? A shaggy breed of dog (see water-rug).
5. U.S. (See quot.) ? Obs.
1792J. Belknap Hist. New-Hampsh. III. 129 There is a natural tough sward commonly called a rug, which must either rot or be burned before any cultivation can be made.
6. attrib. and Comb.
a. In sense 1, as rug-cloak, rug-doublet, etc.; rug-like adj. See also rug-gown.
1592Nashe P. Pennilesse A iv b, Dame Niggardize his wife, in a sedge rugge kirtle. 1611Speed Theat. Gt. Brit. (1614) 138/2 Over their side garments the shagge rugge mantles. 1634–5Brereton Trav. (Chetham) 156 Much more comely than the rug short cloaks used by the women. 1686Lond. Gaz. No. 2152/4 An Apprentice,..in a gray Coat, and white rug Doublet. 1725De Foe Voy. round World (1840) 276 Colchester baize, a coarse rug-like manufacture. 1786Mrs. Delany Life & Corr. (1861) III. 339, I who only go out..when the sun shines, in a rugg great coat and boot-stockings. 1796Plain Sense (ed. 2) III. 190 A rug-cloak..covered her warmly over at night. 1800Coleridge Let. to Wedgewood Jan., I am sitting by a fire in a rug greatcoat.
b. In senses 2 and 3. rug-chest, rug-fringe, rug-hook, rug-hooking, rug-making, rug-peddler, rug-wool, rug-work, rug-yarn; rug brick, a rough-surfaced brick; rug-cutter U.S. slang, an enthusiastic or expert dancer; also transf.; so rug-cutting, dancing; rug-ranking Canad., the system of determining the salary of a secretary in federal employment by the status of the person for whom she works; so rug-rank v.; rug-rat U.S. slang, a child.
[1952Bricklaying (Structural Clay Products Inst.) I. ii. 28 Types and Colors of Brick... The Matt faces and Rug faces can almost be placed in the same family. The degree of smoothness or roughness is almost unlimited.] 1961Webster, *Rug brick. 1968Globe & Mail (Toronto) 3 Feb. 43/1 (Advt.), 3 bedroom rug brick home.
1972Times 19 Sept. 9/5 (Advt.), Partners desk; *rug chests. 1976Leicester Trader 24 Nov. 19/2 (Advt.), Rug chests... {pstlg}25.
1938N.Y. Amsterdam News 2 Apr. 17/1 The thousands of..*rugcutters..that are being hatched daily..are a peril. 1941W. C. Handy Father of Blues (1957) i. 6 Country gals and their..suitors got as much enjoyment..as jitterbugs or rug-cutters get nowadays from a swing band. 1942Z. N. Hurston in Amer. Mercury July 96/1 Rug-cutter, originally a person frequenting house-rent parties, cutting up the rugs of the host with his feet; a person too cheap or poor to patronize regular dance halls; now means a good dancer. 1959N. Mailer Advts. for Myself (1961) 107 He seemed full of strength and merriment. He would clap two geishas to him, and call across..to another soldier. ‘Hey, Brown,’ he would shout, ‘ain't this a rug-cutter?’
1940Amer. Speech XV. 205/1 *Rug-cutting, violent, eccentric dancing. 1942Chatelaine Apr. 54/2 The rug-cutting addicts discovered an older form of swing. 1947S. Lewis Kingsblood Royal 21 As I say: we don't know where Belfreda goes or what she does—rug-cutting or witchcraft or maybe she belongs to some coloured left-wing political gang. 1981‘S. Caudwell’ Thus was Adonis Murdered ix. 114 He raised again the matter of the rug-cutting expedition... The only places..where there might be dancing..looked to me formidably expensive.
1897Sears, Roebuck Catal. 298/3 Wool *Rug Fringe, with gimp heading 3 inches deep. 1922Joyce Ulysses 691 The upturned rugfringe.
1966Olney Amsden & Sons Ltd. Price List 35 Latchet *Rug Hooks... 16/- Dozen. 1967House & Garden June 19/1 Hooked rugs... You need open-mesh canvas and a rug hooking tool which is a metal hook fitted into a wooden handle. It has a hinged metal shank at the hook end which will open and close automatically to prevent the hook getting caught in the canvas.
1974Aiken (S. Carolina) Standard 22 Apr. 2-a/6 *Rug Hooking, 9:30 a.m.–2:30 p.m., Recreation Center, North Augusta.
1822M. Edgeworth in Life & Letters (1894) II. 70 We went through the female wards.., and saw the women at various works,—knitting, *rug-making, &c. 1976N. Roberts Face of France iii. 39 Shops with displays of equipment for tapestry work and rug-making.
1916J. London Let. 12 Oct. (1966) 473 ‘Uncle Charley’..then proceeded to shake you down in proper money-lender,..*rug-peddler fashion.
1977Kingston (Ontario) Whig-Standard 9 Feb. 7/2 Her abilities caught the eye of some of the rising lights of her time, and the story has it that she ‘*rug-ranked’ her way up out of the secretarial classifications.
1973Globe & Mail (Toronto) 21 July 1/1 *Rug-ranking..refers to the Government's method of establishing the pay-level of secretaries in the same way the quality of the manager's rug is determined. It goes with the title on the door. Ibid., While Mr. Drury says ‘there isn't much possibility’ of replacing the rug-ranking system with a point-rating system, he expresses sympathy for the problems faced by the secretaries.
1968–70Current Slang (Univ. S. Dakota) III–IV. 104 *Rug rat, a small child. 1976Daily Tel. (Colour Suppl.) 16 July 10/1 He is without children; he has rug-rats instead.
1891Anthony's Phot. Bulletin IV. 159 The only unattached part being the *rug strap for camera.
1926S. T. Warner Lolly Willowes ii. 114 She bought an extensive parcel..of variously coloured *rug-wools. 1967E. Short Embroidery & Fabric Collage iii. 83 A soft Persian rug wool is the easiest to sew with.
1823E. Weeton Let. 21 Nov. (1969) II. 243 She is fond of *rug work, and has done a great deal in a superior and beautiful manner. 1843Penny Cycl. XXVII. 180/1 Another kind of weaving..is that which relates to rug-work and tapestry. 1895Montgomery Ward Catal. 124/3 Colored Rug Yarn... ingrain carpet yarn, assorted colors, 4 skeins to pound.
1932D. C. Minter Mod. Needlecraft 224/2 The thinner qualities of *rug yarn—such as Persian, Straight, Shetland and various Thrums yarns.
▸ slang. The pubic hair, esp. of a woman; the female external genitals. Cf. carpet n. Additions
Freq. in the context of cunnilingus, esp. in compounds; cf. rug muncher n.
1966J. Trimble 5,000 Adult Sex Words 178 Rug, the Pubes, particularly of the female. 1998Dr. Laura shaves her Rug in alt. radio.talk.dr-laura (Usenet newsgroup) 13 June Why does dr. laura [sic] shave her rug? A friend saw her in a health club and she's as bald as a baby. 2001Max Power Dec. 43/2 A woman jumps on the bed, but just picks up the cuddly toy. Rug-munching tart. 2003Seattle Weekly (Nexis) 19 Nov. Men go on about how much they love munching the rug because they think it's what you want to hear.
▪ III. rug, n.3 dial. rare.
[Of Scand. origin: cf. Swed. dial. rugg in the same sense (Rietz). Prob. related to rag mist, rime, common in northern Eng. dialects.]
Drizzling rain.
c1400Destr. Troy 9652 Thurgh the rug, & the rayn, þat raiked aboue, All wery for wete. 1622Drayton Poly-Olbion ii. xxvi. 124 Thicke Vapours, that like Rugs still hang the troubled ayre. 1866T. Edmondston Gloss. Shetl. & Orkney, Rug, small rain. 1969G. M. Brown Orkney Tapestry 29 The old Orkneymen had a range of words for every kind and intensity of rain—a driv, a rug, a murr..a hellyiefer.
▪ IV. † rug, n.4 Obs. rare.
Some kind of strong liquor.
1653J. Taylor (Water P.) Cert. Trav. Uncert. Journey 16 Of all the drinks potable Rug is most puisant, potent, notable. Rug was the Capitall Commander there.
▪ V. rug
obs. f. ridge n.; see also Rugbeian.
▪ VI. † rug, a. Obs.
[Gaming slang, of unknown origin.]
Safe, secure: a. In gambling.
a1700B. E. Dict. Cant. Crew s.v., It's all Rug, the Game is secured. 1709Steele Tatler No. 39 ⁋36 If one has it all Rug, as the Gamesters say, when they have a Trick to make the Game secure. 1714T. Lucas Mem. Gamesters (ed. 2) 104 His great Dexterity of making all Rugg at Dice, as the Cant is for securing a Die between two Fingers.
b. transf. In general use.
1705Rowe Biter i. i, Fear nothing, Sir; Rug's the Word, all's safe. 1721Cibber Refusal i, And does this Contract secure the Lady's Fortune to you too?..O! Pox! I knew that was all Rug before. 1735Pope Donne Sat. iv. 134 Who got his Pension rug, Or quicken'd a Reversion by a drug? 1797Brydges Hom. Trav. II. 251 We'll here lie snug, Let him but pass, we have him rug.
c. With adverbial force.
1714Wentworth Papers (1883) 394 The changes at Court does not go so rug as some people expected.
▪ VII. rug
obs. form of rough a.
▪ VIII. rug, v.1 Sc. and north. dial.|rʌg|
Also 4–8 rugge, 5–6 ruge (5 ruk); 4–5 rogg(e.
[prob. of Scand. origin: cf. Icel., Fær., and Norw. rugga, obs. Da. rugge, to rock (a cradle), to swing backwards and forwards, to sway. The original sense was prob. ‘to pull’.]
1. a. trans. To pull forcibly, violently, or roughly; to tear, tug.
a1300Cursor M. 15825 For[þ] þai his maister drogh, And rugged him vn-rekenli bath ouer hill and [h]ogh. Ibid. 21920 Ded sal rug us til his rape. c1340Hampole Pr. Consc. 1230 Lyons, libardes and wolwes kene, Þat wald worow men bylyve, And rogg þam in sonder and ryve. a1400in Minor Poems Vernon MS. II. 501 Wiþ his teeþ he gon hit togge, And so radli he gon hit Rogge, Þat al þe Rolle gon race. c1440Alph. Tales 446 Oft tymys sho was enforcid to be drawen oute, bod it was in vayn bod if þai wuld hafe rugid hur in sonder. c1450Holland Howlat 822 In come twa flyrand fulis,..Ruschit baith to the bard, and ruggit his hair. 1500–20Dunbar Poems lxxii. 106 Than rudelie come Rememberance Ay rugging me, withoutin rest. 1570Satir. Poems Reform. xxii. 51 God nor ye gleddis ȝe get, Or Rauinnis the rug with bludie beik in bittis. 1572Ibid. xxxii. 67 We commounis all,..now, allace! ar rugit, reuin, and rent. 17..Ramsay To Starrat 21 Rug frae its roots the craig of Edinburgh castle. 1795Macneill Scotland's Skaith lvi, Jean..Flyt's, and storms, and rug's Will's hair. 1835Hogg in Fraser's Mag. XI. 358 The Hunter he rugged his old grey hair. 1871W. Alexander Johnny Gibb (1873) 20 I'se rug yer lugs t'ye gin ye dinna gae this minit. 1930Kipling Limits & Renewals (1932) 234 Old dry bites—when they get good hold and rugg you. That showed he must have dealt with the Beasts.
b. Const. down, † forth, off, out (of), up.
c1375Sc. Leg. Saints xxvi. (Nicholas) 689 He hynt þe prioure be þe hare, & rukyt hyme of his bed in hy. c1450Mirour Saluacioun (Roxb.) 83 The whilk festnyng his fete thai ruggid out semblably. 1456Sir G. Haye Law Arms (S.T.S.) 162 The evill herbis may nocht be gudely ruggit up be the rutis, bot.. gude herbis that ar nere thaim..be ruggit up with thame. c1508Dunbar Poems xxxiii. 83 The pyot furth his pennis did rug. c1560A. Scott Poems (S.T.S.) i. 125 Ruging and raifand vp kirk rentis lyke ruikis. 1637–50Row Hist. Kirk (Wodrow Soc.) 12 In taking away bells, and rugging doun..ornaments. 1738Scotch Presbyterian Eloquence 43 The Devil rugg their Hearts out of their Sides. a1774Fergusson Plainstanes & Cawsey Poems (1845) 46 Owre me the muckle horses gallop, Eneugh to rug my very saul up. 1825J. Wilson Noct. Ambr. Wks. 1855 I. 9 Can an idea..rug out a handfu' o' hair out of the head o' him?
2. a. intr. To pull, tear, or tug (at something). Also, to struggle.
In mod. dial. use freq. combined with rive.
c1350St. Andrew 225 in Horstm. Altengl. Leg. (1881) 7 Þai rugget at him with ful grete bir. c1400Tourn. Tottenham 199 in Hazl. E.P.P. III. 91 Thus thai tuggut and thei ruggut til hit was ny nyȝt. c1425Wyntoun Cron. iii. ii. 472 Abowt twa pillaris..He kest his armys hastely, And ruggit at þaim doggitly. 1530Lyndesay Test. Papyngo 1148 The Rauin began rudely to ruge and ryue. a1585Montgomerie Flyting 288 The Weird Sisters..Saw reavens rugand at that ratton. 1722Ramsay Three Bonnets iii. 29 Jouk three times rugged at his [brother's] shoulder. 1724― Tea T. Misc. (1871) II. 129 Hunger rugg'd at Watty's breast. 1812W. Tennant Anster F. iv, Each..A good Crail's capon holds, at which he rugs and gnaws. 1832Chambers's Edin. Jrnl. I. 225/1 The gilly,..who comes into the town,..rugging and riving for a place in some writer's office. 1872C. Gibbon For the King xvii, You'll wring my arm out o' the socket if you keep rugging at it that way. 1901R. Anderson Hist. of Kilsyth xiii. 111 That night the razor was bad. It rugged and he had to stop. 1951R. Rendall Orkney Variants 24 Their lowan e'en are taakan tent O'chiels like Mansie o' the Bu Whose days upon the land are spent Ruggan wi' Taurus and the Pleugh.
†b. rug and reave, to practise robbery. Obs.
1508Kennedie Flyting w. Dunbar 404 It cumis of kynde to the to be a traytoure, To ryde on nycht, to rug, to reue, and stele. 1513Douglas æneis ix. x. 53 Best likis ws all tyme to rug and reyf, To drive away the spreith, and tharon leyf. 1596Dalrymple tr. Leslie's Hist. Scot. I. 323 Thay began to rug and reiue, stryk and stick ilk vther.
▪ IX. † rug, v.2 Obs.
[Of obscure origin.]
intr. To fish with a rug-net. Hence † ˈrugging vbl. n.
1630in Binnell Thames (1758) 65 No Fisherman or other shall be suffered to rug for Flounders..between London Bridge..and Westminster. Ibid. 79 That no Peter-man do rug from London Bridge to Blackwall. 1758Binnell ibid., Rules to be observed in Rugging.
▪ X. rug, v.3
[f. rug n.2]
trans. To cover with a rug. Freq. with up.
1818M. Edgeworth Let. 15 Oct. (1971) 126 He hopes to have the rooms carpetted and rugged by tuesday. 1936F. Clune Roaming round Darling iii. 26 Many sharp turns and wattle-trees. The latter, droopy after being out all night, should be rugged up this weather. 1961C. H. D. Todd Popular Whippet iii. 39 Kennels of greyhounds usually have the inmates ‘rugged up’ at night. 1968E. R. Buckler Ox Bells & Fireflies vi. 93 You rugged the oxen and took the double-bitted ax from its leather fastener. 1975D. Francis High Stakes i. 18 He was a great horse..he would soon be rugged up nice and quiet in a stable. |
