| 释义 |
▪ I. exploit, n.|ˈɛksplɔɪt, ɛkˈsplɔɪt|
Forms: 4 esploit(e, 5 explait, expleyte, 5–7 exployt(e, (6 exploicte), 6– exploit.
[a. OFr. esplait, esploit m., esploite fem., and their refashioned forms exploit, exploite, etc. = Pr. espleit m., esplecha fem.:—vulgar L. *explic'tum, explic'ta (med.L. esplectum, expletum n., explecta fem.), L. explicitum, explicita, neut. and fem. pples. of explicāre: see explicate. The etymological sense is thus ‘something unfolded, brought out, or put forth’; the action of unfolding or developing.]
†1. Advantage, progress, speed, success; furtherance. Const. of. to make exploit: to make speed, to meet with success. Obs.
1393Gower Conf. II. 258 The sail goth up, and forth they straught, But none esploit therof they caught. c1400Destr. Troy 3661 For explait of þere spede, þai spekyn in fere To chese hom a cheftayn. 1430Lydg. Chron. Troy i. vi, For he full sory was withouten dread, Of the expleyte and of the happye spede Of this Iason. 1494Fabyan Chron. vi. clxxvi. 173 Of whose exployt or spede myne auctour maketh no mensyon. 1525Ld. Berners Froiss. II. xci. [lxxxvii.] 272 His ambassadours hadde made no better exployte.
†2. The endeavour to gain advantage or mastery over (a person or place); an attempt to capture or subdue; hence, a military or naval expedition or enterprise. † in exploit: in action or combat. Obs.
1483Caxton Gold. Leg. 87/4 He began to helpe them in theyr exployte of the see and anon the tempest cessed. 1555Fardle Facions ii. iii. 133 Thei prophecied..vnto Alexandre victory, when he made his exploicte towarde Darius. 1601Shakes. All's Well iv. i. 41, I must giue my selfe some hurts, and say I got them in exploit. a1627J. Hayward Annals Four Y. Eliz. (1840) 55 The Captaines drewe to consideration all the meanes for the exploit of the towne. 1692Luttrell Brief Rel. (1857) II. 495 Captain Mees..has undertaken the exploit of St. Maloes. 1755Smollett Quix. (1803) II. 24 The glory of having undertaken such an exploit no malice.. can impair.
b. An enterprise, project. rare (after mod.F.).
1879Trollope Thackeray 50 Thackeray had become big enough to give a special éclat to any literary exploit to which he attached himself.
3. An act or deed; a feat; in modern use, an achievement displaying a brilliant degree of bravery or skill.
c1538R. Cowley in Ellis Orig. Lett. ii. 126 II. 96 They doo noo exployte not so moche as to shote oon gone. 1594Shakes. Rich. III, iv. ii. 35 Whom corrupting Gold Will tempt vnto a close exploit of Death. 1610Healey St. Aug. Citie of God 845 Magicians can doe such exploytes by the devills meanes. 1725De Foe Voy. round World (1840) 15 For many years it was counted a great exploit to pass this strait. 1868E. Edwards Raleigh I. vii. 110 Drake's exploits strung the patriotism..of the sailors to a lofty pitch. 1879Froude Cæsar xix. 308 The conquest of Gaul had been an exploit of extraordinary military difficulty.
†4. Carrying out, execution, performance. to put in exploit: to put in practice. Obs.
1581J. Bell Haddon's Answ. Osor. 213 If..the whole exployt of thinges be governed by hym. 1599Sandys Europæ Spec. (1632) 75 A..Captaine, who scornes to imitate any stratageme..used by the enemy, though the putting it in exploit might give him assured victory.
†5. Law. A citation or summons; a writ. Cf. Fr. exploit. Obs.
[1611Cotgr., Exploict..an adiournement or citation.] 1622Malynes Anc. Law-Merch. 457 Any summons or arrest, exploit or assignement. 1682Warburton Hist. Guernsey (1822) 82 Exploits, which is the adjourning or citing of such persons, against whom any action is brought.
▪ II. exploit, v.|ɛkˈsplɔɪt|
Forms: 4 expleiten, 5 expleyt, explite, 5–7 exploite, -yte, 6– exploit.
[ad. Fr. exploit-er = Pr. expleitar, explectar:—L. *explicitāre, freq. of explicāre: see explicate. Sense 4 is a recent adoption of the mod. vb.]
†1. trans. To accomplish, achieve, execute, perform; to fight (a battle). Obs.
c1400Rom. Rose 6177, I dwelle with hem..That worship of this world coveiten, And grete nede kunnen expleiten. c1430Lydg. Min. Poems (Percy Soc.) 218 Massageres..T'expleyte the journe al tymes of the yeere. 1483Caxton Gold. Leg. 362/2 They knewe wel that they shold no thyng exployte of their entente. c1500Melusine 81, I ordeyne the bataill to be to morow exploited. 1531Elyot Gov. i. xxvi, They departed without exploytinge their message. 1577–87Holinshed Chron. (1806) I. 502 P. Turpilianus..sat still without exploiting anie notable enterprise. 1611Speed Hist. Gt. Brit. ix. xi. §47 It is euident, that these tragedies against the Lords were exployted by others. 1674Lond. Gaz. No. 882/4 We doubt not..but something considerable will be exploited by them. 1687A. Lovell tr. Bergerac's Com. Hist. i. 127 The first thing they exploited, was to distribute my Body among them into several Provinces. 1775in Ash.
†b. to exploit out: to achieve the expulsion of.
c1525Skelton Sp. Parrot 307 To exployte the man owte of the mone.
2.
†a. refl. To apply, exert oneself. Cf. OFr. s'exploiter. Obs.
1490Caxton Eneydos xxvi. 95 Why consumest thy self slepynge without exploityng the in thy vyage. 1530Palsgr. 542/1 They exployted them so faste that within shorte space they came to their journayes ende.
†b. intr. To act with effect; to get on, prosper, speed. Also in impers. pass. Obs.
c1477Caxton Jason 10 b, Peleus..not knowing how he might exploite for to attayne to execute his dampnable enuye. Ibid. 66 If I abode here I should not exployte but lose my tyme. c1500Melusine 188 The knight..reherced to them how he had exployted. 1592W. Wyrley Armorie 154 Some did to me vnfold..how at Arde Gomigines did hold, Exploiting well. 1602Warner Alb. Eng. Epit. (1612) 384 During the minoritie of this King Richard..brauely was it exployted in Fraunce by his Agents.
†3. trans. ? To cause to succeed, prosper. Obs.
c1430Lydg. Lyfe our Ladye (Caxton) C v a, Let thy grace to me descende..My rude tunge to explite and spede.
4. To ‘work’ (a mine, etc.); to turn to industrial account (natural resources).
b. transf. To utilize for one's own ends, treat selfishly as mere workable material (persons, etc.); to ‘make capital out of’.
1838New Monthly Mag. LIII. 306 The Humbughausens..have exploited the obscure (to use a French phrase where we have no proper equivalent) with..profit. 1847Mrs. Carlyle Lett. II. 25 Exploiting that poor girl for their idle purposes of curiosity. 1865E. Arnold in Reader No. 115. 282/1 In exploiting mineral resources. 1878Print. Trades Jrnl. xxiii. 7 The great German naturalist..finds himself coolly exploited by a Paris publisher. 1888Westm. Rev. July 58 An association of capitalist shareholders, exploiting their wage-paid labourers. 1890Nature 6 Feb. 313 European exiles..were then..exploiting the riches of the East.
5. intr. To conduct mining operations for.
1887Pop. Sci. Monthly, Apr. XXX. 857 Some two years ago a Belgian engineer proposed to exploit for petroleum.
Hence exˈploited, exˈploiting ppl. a. and vbl. n.
1883Pall Mall G. 28 Aug. 1/1 The Jews..attracting to themselves alone the animosity which is deserved by the whole ‘exploiting’ class. 1887Ibid. 20 Aug. 4/2 There is no such exploited class as trained nurses in fashionable ‘institutions’. 1887T. Kirkup Inq. Socialism iii. 87 The domineering and exploiting spirit. |
