| 释义 |
▪ I. gumming, vbl. n.1|ˈgʌmɪŋ|
[f. gum v.1 + -ing1.]
The action of gum v.1 in various senses.
1. The action † of treating with aromatic gums (obs.); the action of fastening or smearing with gum; spec. the action of applying gum-water to a lithographic stone.
1419Proclam. in Riley Lond. Mem. (1868) 672 To have a lykly manere taste and smell to the drynkyng of Romeney, thurgh þe gummyng and rasyng aboue seyd. 1580Hollyband Treas. Fr. Tong, Gommement, a gumming. 1687A. Lovell tr. Thevenot's Trav. i. 137 The Face..will not admit of Gumming so well as the other parts of the Body. 1688R. Holme Armoury iii. 97/1 Gumming..is to rub the in-side of the Bed-Tick with..Gum.., to keep Feathers from coming through it.
2. a. The process (in fruit trees) of giving out a morbid exudation of gum; (in the eyelids) of becoming fastened together with gum; (in oils) of acquiring a gum-like consistence.
1703tr. H. van Oosten's Dutch Gardener v. xii. 284 The common Ailments that the Orange-Trees are subject to in these Countries, are, Gumming, growing Yellow,..and Changing. 1859R. Thompson Gardener's Assist. 535 The latter [suckers or layers] are comparatively weak, and apt to cause gumming. 1874G. Lawson Dis. Eye 3 The tarsal edges of the lids should be anointed at night..to prevent their gumming together. 1892Garden 27 Aug. 180 Much wood [of cherry trees] being lost through gumming and canker. 1931in New Biol. (1953) XV. 38 Malformations of nuts, such as occur in gumming..were found to be physiological diseases.
b. The deposition of gum by petroleum products (see gum n.2 1 j); the clogging of an engine as a result of this. Also gumming-up.
1915Jrnl. Inst. Petroleum Technologists I. 179 Any oil which was to be used satisfactorily in a motor-car must naturally have the terpene products removed, otherwise gumming took place, and the valves became clogged. 1927Daily Express 15 July 9 The total absence of ‘gumming-up’ of piston rings. 1935Nature 14 Sept. 413/1 Even the schoolboy and his sister talk glibly of anti⁓knock and gumming. 1942A. W. Judge Automobile Eng. (ed. 4) vii. 307 Important claims in regard to non⁓oxidising, gumming and sludging tendencies have been made for such oils. 1961G. Claxton Benzoles xiv. 705 The extensive use of cracked petrols for blending purposes..has drawn attention to the important problem of the gumming of internal-combustion engines when run on fuels containing unsaturateds.
▪ II. gumming, vbl. n.2 Mining.|ˈgʌmɪŋ|
[f. gum n.7 + -ing1.]
a. The clearing away of the fine coal and debris from the groove or undercut made by a coal-cutting machine. Also attrib.
1934Webster, Gumming spade. 1938Colliery Engin. Mar. 81/1 The operation of ‘gumming’ or ‘scuffling’ out the kerf in the track of the coalcutter is at best a brutal and ineffective business. 1958A. Nelson Methods of Working xiii. 156 Coal-cutters are now provided with efficient automatic gumming devices. 1960J. Sinclair Winning Coal vi. 167 Gummers are provided as a substitute for a man with a gumming shovel.
b. pl. = gum n.7
1938Colliery Engin. Sept. 293/2 The gummings brought out by the cutter chain are received in this spiral and delivered on the goaf side of the machine. 1956E. Mason Deputy's Man. I. xviii. 254 The smalls produced by the picks are termed kirvings, gummings or cuttings. 1958A. Nelson Methods of Working xiii. 158 Various appliances have been designed to trap the gummings from the cutter-chain and in this way the dust clouds are considerably reduced. 1959G. D. Mitchell Sociol. iii. viii. 136 The first shift is concerned with..clearing out the ‘gummings’. |
