| 释义 |
▪ I. jamb|dʒæm|
Forms: 4–7 iambe, 7– jamb, jambe; also 5 iamne, iawmbe, 5–6 iawme, 6 ialme, iamme, 6–7 iaumbe, iame, 7 jaume, jayme, jeame, geaum, 7–9 jam, jaum, 8–9 jaumb, jawm.
[a. F. jambe = ONF. gambe, Pr. camba, Cat., It. gamba leg:—late L. gamba ‘hoof’, in later pop. L. ‘leg’; referred by Diez to an earlier camba (as in OSp., Pr., and Sard.), from Celtic camb- crooked, bent. In senses 1, 1 b, still spelt jambe. The dial. pronunciation from Cumbria and Yorkshire to Shropsh. is (dʒɔːm, dʒɒm).]
1. Her. A leg; = gamb.
1725Coats Dict. Her., Jamb, is the French Word signifying a Leg, or Shank, and some English Heralds have made Use of it in that Sense. 1882Cussans Her. vi. (ed. 3) 87 A Leg, styled heraldically a Jambe, or Gambe, which is usually represented as erased, or torn from the body.
b. Armour. A leg-piece made of metal or cuir-bouilli; cf. jambeau.
[c1386: see jambeau v.rr.] 1834J. R. Planché Brit. Cost. 138 The greaves or jambs for the legs. 1860Fairholt Costume Eng. (ed. 2) 111 In the armoury of Lord Londesborough is a jambe and solloret of this era.
2. Arch. Each of the side posts of a doorway, window, or chimney-piece, upon which rests the lintel; a cheek; esp., in popular use, (pl.) the stone sides or cheeks of a fire-place.
1428in Heath Grocers' Comp. (1869) 6 Unwroughte Stapylton stoone..for wyndowes, wyndow jambes and sills. c1467–9Durham Acc. Rolls (Surtees) 642 Factura unius Iambe in fenistra australi. 1501Douglas Pal. Hon. iii. xvii, Subtill muldrie wrocht mony day agone, On Buttereis, Ialme, Pillaris and plesand springis. 1565Golding Ovid's Met. xii. (1593) 284 Yet caught he upon his shoulders twaine A stone the iawme of either doore. 1584R. Scot Discov. Witchcr. v. i. (1886) 73 He [a mouse] was killed comming out of the hole of a jamme in a windowe. 1611Coryat Crudities 303 In one of the higher chambers there is the fairest chimney for clauy and ieames that ever I saw. 1611Cotgr., Ante,..the cheeke, or iaumbe of a doore. 1663Gerbier Counsel 7 Three Inches broader than the breadth of his James and Cornish. 1719D'Urfey Pills (1872) VI. 142 To the Jawm of a Chimney spend I my breath. 1725W. Halfpenny Sound Build. 13 Door, or Window, whose Jaums..splays more or less. 1793Smeaton Edystone L. §286, I set about leading the door hooks into the jambs. 1833J. Lardner Manuf. Metal II. 170 The front of the stove, generally cast in a single plate, and fitting within the jambs, or chimney bottom. 1870F. R. Wilson Ch. Lindisf. 61 Two narrow lights..corbelled out towards the top of the jaumbs. 1889D. C. Murray Danger. Catspaw 108 She was clinging to the jamb of the door.
fig.1848Clough Bothie v. 25 Perfect as picture..Through the great granite jambs, the stream, the glen, and the mountain.
3. Each of the two side-pieces or cheeks of anything. rare.
c1400Destr. Troy 939 Jason..gyrd of his hede, Vnioynis the Iamnys þat iuste were to-gedur: Gyrd out the grete tethe. Ibid. 11114 Pirrus..flang at hir with a fyne swerd, Share of þe sheld at a shyre corner; Vnioynet the Iawmbe of þe iust arme, Þat hit light on þe laund. 1864Rawlinson Anc. Mon. II. vii. 62 The jambs of the spear-head were exceedingly short.
†4. A projecting ‘wing’ of a building. Obs.
1597in Craufurd Univ. Edinb. (1808) 41 Thereafter the lower schoole in the south jambe was appointed for the Humanity. c1600Hist. Kennedys in Paterson Hist. Ayrsh. (1863) p. cxi, [They had effected a breach] in the wall of the jayme. 1793Statist. Acc. Scot. VIII. 311 It [the Church] has a large jam, very commodious for dispensing the Sacrament.
5. A projecting columnar part of a wall; a columnar mass or pillar in a quarry or mine.
1687Hist. Sir J. Hawkwood xv. 33 We..bolted the Door on the inside, and so hid ourselves in a Nook, or behind the Geaum of the Wall, to expect the event. a1825Forby Voc. E. Anglia, Jamb, a mass of masonry in a building, or of stone or other material in a quarry or pit, standing upright, and more or less distinct from neighbouring or adjoining parts. 1875Knight Dict. Mech., Jamb, a pillar of ore in a mine.
†6. An angular turn or corner in a street or way. Obs.
1567Fenton Trag. Disc. 165 They came deuisynge merely together till they were at the iaumbe or torne of a streete. 1579― Guicciard. iv. (1599) 179 Gurlin remembring that from a part or Iawme of Stampace bending towards the towne, there was a way that led to the gate of the sea.
7. Mining. A bed of clay or stone running across a mineral vein or seam.
1721Bailey, Jam, Jamb, a thick Bed of Stone which hinders the Miners in their pursuing the Veins of Oar. 1747Hooson Miner's Dict. K iij b, These Jaums are sometimes found in the Top of the Lime. 1787Marshall Norfolk (1795) II. Gloss. (E.D.S.), Jam, a vein or bed of marl or clay.
8. attrib. and Comb., as jamb-lining, jamb-post, jamb-shaft, jamb-splay, jamb-stone, etc.
1823P. Nicholson Pract. Build. Gloss. 587 Jamb-post, a post fixed on the side of a door, etc., and to which the jamb-lining is attached. 1825J. Nicholson Operat. Mechanic 538 In every pier, between windows and other apertures, every alternate jamb-stone ought to go through the wall with its bed perfectly level. 1879Sir G. Scott Lect. Archit. I. 281 This, if the arch were made slightly segmental, would die into the jamb-splay. 1898J. T. Fowler Durh. Cathedr. 49 Windows..deeply recessed within, and flanked by jamb-shafts of the local Frosterley marble.
▪ II. jamb
variant of jam v.1; obs. form of yam. |
