| 释义 |
▪ I. mummy, n.1|ˈmʌmɪ|
Forms: 5–7 mum(m)ie, 6–7 mumme, 7 mum(m)ey, mummi, 7–8 mommy, 8 mumy, 7– mummy.
[a. F. momie, † mumie (= Sp., Pg. momia, It. mommia), ad. med.L. mumia, a. Arab. mūmiyā an embalmed body, a mummy, f. mūm wax (used in embalming).]
1. a. A medicinal preparation of the substance of mummies; hence, an unctuous liquid or gum used medicinally. Obs. exc. Hist.
c1400Lanfranc's Cirurg. 153 Take..mirre, sarcocol, mummie [v.r. mumie] of ech Ᵹ. ss{ddd}& leie it on þe nucha. 1525tr. Jerome of Brunswick's Surg. xciii. R iv, Take..Mumie .vi. barley cornes heuy. 1599Hakluyt Voy. II. i. 201 And these dead bodies are the Mummie which the Phisitians and Apothecaries doe against our willes make vs to swallow. 1656Blount Glossogr., Mumie or Mummie..is digged out of the Graves..of those bodies that were embalmed, and is called Arabian Mummie. The second kind is onely an equal mixture of the Jews Lime and Bitumen [etc.]. 1727Swift Further Acc. Curll Wks. 1755 III. i. 161 The mummy of some deceased moderator of the general assembly in Scotland to be taken inwardly as an effectual antidote against Antichrist. 1786tr. Beckford's Vathek (1868) 43 My taste for dead bodies and every thing like mummy is decided.
†b. Used jocularly for: Dead flesh; body in which life is extinct. Obs.
1598Shakes. Merry W. iii. v. 18 The water swelles a man; and what a thing should I haue beene, when I had beene swel'd? I should haue beene a Mountaine of Mummie. 1622Fletcher Sea Voy. iii. i, You shall grow mumey rascals.
c. A pulpy substance or mass. Chiefly in to beat, etc., to a mummy (earlier, to mummy).
1601Sir W. Cornwallis Disc. Seneca (1631) 6, I believe the hanging of one man to worke better effect among men, then twenty made into mummy. 1736Ainsworth Lat. Dict., To beat one to a mummy, Pugnis vel plagis aliquem valde contundere. 1747–96H. Glasse Cookery vi. 130 It must be very thick and dry, and the rice not boiled to a mummy. 1796Morse Amer. Geog. II. 680 The most horrible machines, calculated for grinding to mummy those unhappy criminals. 1834Tracts for Times No. 22. 2 These little mountaineers [viz. Scotch ponies] got in at a weak place in the hedge..and trod the garden, as one may say, to a mummy. 1890Leeds Mercury 28 May 5/7 John Crow..stated that..her face appeared to be smashed to a ‘mummy’.
d. fig.
1642Fuller Holy & Prof. St. v. xvii. 426 Many men are murdered merely for their wealth, that other men may make mummey of the fat of their estates. 1790Burke Fr. Rev. Wks. V. 414 With these philosophick financiers, this universal medicine made of church mummy is to cure all the evils of the state.
†e. Dried or desiccated meat. Obs.
1672J. Josselyn New Eng. Rarities 11 Our way..is to make Mummy of them [sc. Wobbles], that is, to salt them well, and dry them in an earthen pot well glazed in an Oven.
2. In various transferred or extended uses.
†a. A sovereign remedy. Also, in Paracelsus' use (see quot. 1727–41). Obs.
1598Sylvester Du Bartas ii. i. 1. Eden 254 Or holy Nectar..Or blest Ambrosia..Or else Nepenthe..Or Mummie? or Elixir..? No, none of these. 1605Timme Quersit. iii. 168 This worke is very admirable; by which the true numie [read mumie], the uniuersal medicine, and the true balsam conseruing and restoring nature, is made. 1658J. Robinson Endoxa x. 52 Here was no mummie of the Wound, nor Mundane Soul required. 1671Blagrave Astrol. Physic 157 How by the Magnet of ones Body to extract a Spiritual Mummy whereby to cure most Diseases incident unto the body of Man. 1727–41Chambers Cycl., Mummy, is also used by some physicians for I know not what implanted spirit, found chiefly in carcasses, when the infused spirit is fled. The infused spirit is sometimes also called mummy in living subjects.
b. A medicinal bituminous drug obtained from Arabia and the East.
1601Holland Pliny II. 183 Of Pissasphalt or Mummie. 1638Sir T. Herbert Trav. (ed. 2) 129 Most remarkable, is a precious liquor or mummy growing here... It distills (in June only) from the top of those stupendious mountaines every yeere about five ounces. 1727A. Hamilton New Acc. E. Ind. I. iii. 42 The Country, of itself, affords or produces very few valuable Commodities, besides Coffee, and some Drugs, such as Myrrh,..some Gum Arabick and Mummy.
†c. Gardening. A kind of wax used in the transplanting and grafting of trees. Obs.
1721Bradley Philos. Acc. Wks. Nat. 173, I have taken notice of a new invented Method of transplanting Trees with Safety, by means of a Vegetable Mummy. 1759Ellis in Phil. Trans. LI. 211 Gardeners grafting mummy, consisting of a mixture of bees-wax, rosin, and pitch. 1789Trans. Soc. Arts (ed. 2) II. 97 Water..which mixing with the earth naturally adhering to their roots, forms of itself a kind of mummy.
d. A rich brown bituminous pigment.
1854Fairholt Dict. Terms Art, Mummy, a bituminous substance employed by painters as a rich brown tint... The better kinds of mummy form useful grey tints mixed with ultramarine [etc.]. 1885J. S. Taylor Field's Chromatogr. 160 Mummy varies exceedingly in its composition and properties... It is only used as an oil-colour.
3. a. The body of a human being or animal embalmed (according to the ancient Egyptian or some analogous method) as a preparation for burial.
1615G. Sandys Trav. 133 The Mummes (lying in a place where many generations haue had their sepultures) not far above Memphis. 1650Bulwer Anthropomet. 167 The Egyptians..were wont of old to guild the nails of the Dead, as appears by their Mummies. c1710Mack Gregory's Advt. 2 The Burial-Places of the Mommies near Memphis. 1841Bellamy in Rep. Brit. Assoc. ii. 75 Description of two Peruvian Mummies. 1900Petrie Dendereh 59 Mr. Thomas has kindly sent me the following identifications of the animal mummies from the catacombs. Ibid., Herpestes ichneumon L. An imperfect mummy.
b. transf. and fig.
1668Dryden Albumazar Prol. 29 These..Dare with the mummies of the Muses play, And make love to them the Egyptian way. 1844Kinglake Eöthen vi. (1878) 85 A mere oriental, who for creative purposes is a thing dead and dry—a mental mummy. 1876L. Stephen Eng. Th. in 18th C. II. xii. vii. 435 The old theological dogmas had become mere mummies.
c. A human or animal body desiccated by exposure to sun or air. Also applied to the frozen carcase of an animal imbedded in prehistoric ice.
1727–41Chambers Cycl. s.v. Mummy, There are two kinds of bodies denominated mummies.—The first are only carcasses, dried by the heat of the sun. 1866Buckland Curios. Nat. Hist. Ser. iii. II. 47 Since then I saw..another guano mummy described..as follows:—‘This mummy was brought to Liverpool from Possession Island, western coast of Africa [etc.]’. 1875W. H. Dall in Beach Indian Misc. (1877) 349 Most of the [Alaskan] mummies were wrapped up in skins or matting.
d. Stock Exchange slang pl. Egyptian securities.
1903Westm. Gaz. 17 Feb. 11/1 Certain prophets were busy over ‘Mummies’ months ago.
e. An apple, plum, or other fruit of the family Rosaceæ, made brown and desiccated by the brown rot disease caused by a fungus of the genus Sclerotinia.
1909B. M. Duggar Fungous Diseases of Plants xi. 190 The fruit which has decayed may fall to the ground or hang upon trees, gradually shrinking with evaporation each to a crumpled dried mass, generally known as a mummy. 1952E. Ramsden tr. Gram & Weber's Plant Diseases ii. 153/2 Similar mummies that have fallen and remained on or near the surface of the soil may very rarely produce clusters of small brown-stalked cup-shaped apothecia.
4. attrib. and Comb.:
a. simple attrib., as mummy-dust, mummy-hunter; (in sense ‘mummified’), as mummy-matron;
b. similative, as mummy-dead, mummy-like, mummy-looking, mummy-shaped adjs.;
c. special comb.: mummy brown, a shade of brown akin to that of the pigment mummy; mummy-case, the case of wood or papier-mâché (usually decorated with hieroglyphics) in which Egyptian mummies were enclosed; also fig.; mummy disease, a disease of mushrooms of uncertain ætiology, indicated by the dying back of young plants, or the distorted shape and hardened gills of older ones; mummy-pits pl., the catacombs in which the Egyptian mummies were interred; mummy-wheat, a variety of wheat cultivated in Egypt, and said to have been grown from grains found in mummy-cases.
1886R. Ridgway Nomenclature of Colors for Naturalists ii. 92 *Mummy Brown, a bright brown color, nearly intermediate in tint between burnt umber and raw umber. 1930Maerz & Paul Dict. Color 168/1 Mummy Brown, R[idgway] has a color by this name, 15 c 8, which is simply a somewhat reduced tone of the pigment known as ‘mummy’. a1936Kipling Something of Myself (1937) i. 13 A tube of ‘Mummy Brown’. 1949Dict. Colours for Interior Decoration (Brit. Colour Council) III. 18/2 Mummy Brown, see Clove Brown.
1830Gen. P. Thompson Exerc. (1842) I. 274 The sermon would have been in its right place, if it had been found in a *mummy-case. 1922Joyce Ulysses 191 Coffined thoughts around me, in mummy cases, embalmed in spice of words. 1922L. Mumford City Devel. (1946) i. 9 What remained of the provincial town in New England was a mummy-case.
1939W. B. Yeats Last Poems 20 Everything else withered and *mummy-dead.
1942Tucker & Routien in Res. Bull. Missouri Agric. Exper. Station No. 358. 3 The common name ‘*mummy disease’ was suggested by Dr. [A. M.] Klingman. It is quite appropriate for the symptoms that develop in white strains or varieties, and with Dr. Klingman's permission, will be used here. 1950R. L. O. Jackson Mushroom Growing vii. 66 The Americans have a similar disease called Mummy Disease, which spreads at an alarming rate, and which they think is caused by a virus, but so far this is of doubtful occurrence in this country. 1969R. Genders Mushroom Growing for Everyone xiv. 198 Mummy disease. For long this has been a source of worry to American growers but only since 1950 has it become known to British growers.
1922E. Sitwell Facade 13 When the moon's hurdy-gurdy wheeze Grinds out her slow *mummy-dust.
1738Common Sense II. 267 The Expence the Nation is at..for maintaining our Foreign Ministers, Travellers, and *Mummy-Hunters.
1807–8W. Irving Salmag. (1824) 86 A trio of as odd, runty, *mummy-looking originals as ever Hogarth fancied.
1624Middleton Game at Chess iv. ii, To three olde *Mummey-Matrons, I haue promis'd The Mother-ship 'oth Maids.
1645Evelyn Diary 5 Aug., The Captaine presented me with a stone he lately brought from Grand Cairo, which he tooke from the *Mummy-pitts. 1841Emerson Ess. Ser. i. i. (1876) 17 Belzoni digs and measures in the mummy-pits and pyramids of Thebes.
1842Tupper in Literary Gaz. 18 June 425/1 As you took so lively an interest in my resuscitated *mummy-wheat.
Hence (nonce-wds.) ˈmummydom, ˈmummy-hood, the condition of being a mummy.
1796H. Walpole Let. to Miss Berry 24 Aug., I..shall remain, I believe, in my mummyhood. 1888Mrs. E. Lynn Linton Thro' Long Night i. iv, His strange old-world way, vivified from mummydom only by excessive embarrassment.
▪ II. mummy, n.2 Formerly dial.|ˈmʌmɪ|
Also mummie.
[Childish alteration of mammy1. Cf. mum n.3]
1. A child's word for mother.
1784Sir J. Cullum Hist. Hawsted iii. 172 Mummy, corrupted from mamma. 1839C. Clark J. Noakes & Mary Styles 26 Wor I to 'list My mummy, how 'tood shock her! 1898Eliz. & Germ. Gard. (1899) 51 ‘What a funny mummy!’ she said, evidently much amused. 1903Punch 30 Sept. 231 Mummy dear, of course Uncle Jack is coming to meet us by a Circle Train, isn't he? 1914‘Bartimeus’ Naval Occasions ix. 68 Thank you, mummie darling. 1933E. A. Robertson Ordinary Families ii. 39 ‘Mummy, did you put in my straw hat?’ came Marnie's adenoidal whine from upstairs. ‘Oh, mummy, you always say yes. Sure you did? Mummee!’ 1974M. Penoyre Breach of Security v. 26 Oh, mummy, you're going out... I'd hoped you were going to..read me a story.
2. Phr. mummy's boy = mother's boy (mother n.1 16 a).
1927E. Bowen Hotel xv. 177 None of us seem to be making much impression on young Ronald... Did you ever see such a Mummy's boy! 1945E. Taylor At Mrs Lippincote's xxi. 180 What a mummy's boy Norman sounds. 1967‘H. Calvin’ Nice Friendly Town iv. 49 ‘Are you a mummy's boy?’ ‘No,’ I said ‘but she's a sonny's mum.’ 1968‘P. Hobson’ Titty's Dead xv. 152 You're not a man at all. Just a mummy's boy. 1975W. J. Burley Wycliffe xi. 173 ‘What sort of boy was he?’..‘Quiet. A bit of a mummy's boy.’
▪ III. † ˈmummy, a. Obs.
[f. mum n. + -y.]
? Resembling mum; thick.
1743Lond. & Country Brew. III. (ed. 2) 238 To recover thick, mummy Drink that is acid... Rack a Vessel of mummy Beer into two Casks, and fill them up with new Beer brewed not so strong and it is a Cure.
▪ IV. mummy, v.|ˈmʌmɪ|
[f. mummy n.1]
trans. To mummify; to make into a mummy. Also transf. and fig.
1620Shelton Quix. (1746) III. i. 2 Whom they found..so dry'd and withered up, as if his flesh had been mummy'd. 1842Mrs. Browning Grk. Chr. Poets iv, It is better..to think out one true thought..than to mummy our benumbed souls with the circumvolutions of twenty thousand books. 1866Buckland Curios. Nat. Hist. Ser. iii. I. 125 Your lifeless..carcases mummied in ice and lying in marble state on fishmongers' slabs. 1880Atlantic Monthly Aug. 252 The Egyptians mummied all sorts of sacred brutes, including bulls, cats and crocodiles. |
