| 释义 |
Skinner2|ˈskɪnə(r)|
The name of the American psychologist, B. F. Skinner (1904–1990), used attrib. to indicate the theories or methods concerned with conditioning human or animal behaviour associated with him; esp. as Skinner box, a box in which an animal is isolated, equipped essentially with a bar or other device that it learns to use either to obtain a reward or to escape punishment.
1938Jrnl. Exper. Psychol. XXIII. 507 A modified form of the Skinner apparatus. 1940Ibid. XXVI. 614 (heading) The variability of extinction scores in ‘Skinner-box’ experiments. 1951E. R. Hilgard in S. S. Stevens Handbk. Exper. Psychol. 530/1 It is possible to train animals in the Skinner box to do what the experimenter wishes. 1962Listener 13 Sept. 390/1 The technique for measuring the pressure applied to a lever by a rat in a Skinner-box. 1973Nature 27 July 241/3 The method of ‘operant conditioning’ in a Skinner box can be used to investigate physiological changes that accompany habit formation. 1980Brown & Wallace Physiol. Psychol. xv. 457 Most of the principles of learning were derived from studies on a single animal (the white rat) in a single learning situation (instrumental conditioning in the Skinner box). |
